行星滚柱丝杠副滚柱全参数精密测量方法研究

Planetary Roller Screw (PRS) is a new type of mechanism model from rotary motion into linear motion which has a lot of advantages, such as high carrying capacity, high stiffness, long lifetime, high speed and small size etc. It is the best choice for large transmission ratio servo system transmission mechanism. But on the other hand, PRS is more complicate in structure, more difficult to manufacture and more expensive. There are few measurement methods for the PRS in the world now. A new precision method by structured light and vision technique for the whole parameters measurement of PRS is proposed in this paper. The parameter of screw thread is measured by motion vision system, the gear figure parameter is measured by structure light system and the phase between the screw and gear is measured by double structure light technique. The influence of different lead angle to the image of the thread tooth type, different wave length of laser to the image clarity and zigzag reflections of laser to the contour profile of measurement are clarified. The PRS quality level of our country will be enhanced by this new method.

行星滚柱丝杠副是一种可将旋转运动转化为直线运动的新型机构，具有承载能力大、刚度高、寿命长、转速快、体积小的卓越优异特性，使其成为大传动比弹载伺服系统传动机构的很好选择。但是行星滚柱丝杠副结构复杂、加工难度大和成本较高，特别是难于精确测量，成为限制其发展和应用的瓶颈。现有的丝杠滚道型面测量方法存在着精度低、速度慢、适应性差等缺陷，而行星滚柱的螺纹与齿轮多参数测量方法仍属于空白。本项目提出一种基于结构光和视觉的行星滚柱丝杠滚柱全参数非接触测量方法，采用基于背光源的视觉方法实现螺纹参数测量，采用基于径向线结构光方法实现齿轮齿形的测量，采用双结构光方法实现螺纹与齿轮相位精密测量。通过解决不同螺旋升角对螺纹牙型成像规律、不同波长激光对轮廓成像清晰度的影响机理、激光轮廓测量过程多重反射的影响机理等核心科学问题，完善测量方法，为提升我国行星滚柱丝杠的整体质量水平奠定理论基础。

为了实现行星滚柱的螺纹与齿轮多参数测量，本项目提出一种基于结构光和视觉的行星滚柱丝杠滚柱全参数非接触测量方法，完成了基于视觉的滚柱螺纹参数综合测量及校准方法研究，完成了基于线结构光的行星齿轮齿形精密测量方法研究，完成了基于双结构光的螺纹与齿轮相位精密测量方法研究，并搭建了行星滚柱丝杠副的一体化测量实验系统。在进行沙姆成像系统标定后，测量结果表明，测量牙型角的重复性精度达到了0.6°，测量螺距的重复性精度达到了15μm，测量牙型高的重复性精度达到了8μm，均满足螺纹滚柱参数测量的要求。