基于四维航迹管理的终端空域进离场协同调度研究

The current issues including congestion in terminal airspace, frequent flight delays, and pressure about reducing fuel consumption and air polluting emissions have become a severe choke point holding back the sustainable development of civil aviation transportation. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the research on collaborative scheduling for departure and arrival aircraft in the terminal area..First, the four-dimensional trajectories of arrival and departure aircraft are analyzed to reveal the evolutional characteristics of flight situations and explore the cause and propagation mechanisms of flight delays. Second, the trajectory prediction model is constructed. Simultaneously, the internal relation between flight intent and aircraft intent is investigated. Then the online four-dimensional trajectory prediction technique is proposed based on the laws of trajectory error and intent update and the online identification of performance coefficients. Next, facing the different appeals by air traffic control, airlines, and airports, a collaborative multi-objective scheduling model for arrival and departure aircraft is constructed to meet the requirements of traffic demand, resource constraints and operational restrictions. A dynamic algorithm for arrival and departure collaborative scheduling is designed to consider real-time, fairness, and robustness simultaneously. Furthermore, the four-dimensional trajectory optimization approach is put forward based on optimal control theory, and machine scheduling method with controllable processing times is also investigated. Such efforts are to achieve the target of integrated collaborative scheduling and decision support for arrival and departure aircraft. Finally, the goal of "predictability of flight situation, controllability of resource allocation, and achievability of decision support" for arrival and departure aircraft could be accomplished. On the base of these, a prototype system of decision support for controllers in the terminal area is developed and validated. This project is of essential theory and engineering significance for the air traffic control automatization and intellectualization.

终端空域拥堵、航班延误频发、节能减排压力倍增问题严重影响民航运输业可持续发展，开展终端空域进离场协同调度研究需求迫切。.本项目首先分析进离场四维航迹，揭示飞行态势演化特性、探究延误产生与传播机理。之后，建立航迹预测模型，考察飞行意图与航空器意图内在联系，分析预测误差与意图更新的相关规律，研究性能参数在线辨识方法，提出四维航迹在线预测技术。此外，面向空管、航司与机场的不同诉求，构建满足交通需求、资源约束及运行限制的协同多目标调度模型，设计兼顾实时性与鲁棒性的动态调度算法，实现进离场协同调度。进一步，提出基于最优控制理论的航迹优化方法，研究加工时间可控的新型调度技术，实现协同调度与决策支持的一体化，达到进离场航空器飞行态势演化“可见”、时空资源配置“可控”、协同调度建议“可达”的目标。在此基础上，开发并验证终端空域管制决策支持原型系统。本研究将为空管自动化与智能化提供重要的理论支持与应用基础。

中国民航对终端空域提高运行效率、提升运行效益的需求日益迫切，然而终端空域拥堵、航班延误频发、节能减排压力倍增问题严重影响了民航运输业的可持续发展。鉴于此，本项目提出了基于四维航迹管理的终端空域进离场协同调度的研究思路，取得的主要成果包括：（1）在进离场航空器飞行态势演化“可见”方面，改进了航空器性能参数在线辨识方法，提出了航空器意图实时更新机制，更新了四维航迹在线预测方法，建立了数据驱动四维航迹预测框架、流程与算法；（2）在进离场航空器时空资源配置“可控”方面，梳理了优化调度的目标函数与约束限制，构建了进离场航空器协同调度模型，设计了元启发式多目标动态调度算法；（3）在进离场航空器协同调度建议“可达”方面，研究进离场调度与管制决策支持一体化方法，提出了基于点融合系统的进场调度方案，确立了基于时隙调整的离场调度方案。（4）在进离场协同调度决策支持原型系统研发与验证方面，分析了系统需求，探究了系统结构、部件与流程，提出了设计方案，设计并集成了各类模块，完成了原型系统开发；综合使用仿真数据、历史数据以及管制模拟机，完成了原型系统验证。依托项目开展，进场调度与管制决策支持一体化的相关成果获得了民用航空科学技术二等奖的奖励。该成果突破了点融合系统在保障运行安全、提升运行效率和推动节能环保等方面的关键技术，编制了行业推广应用指南，填补了我国点融合系统在设计方法和运行程序上的空白，并在上海浦东国际机场、广州白云国际机场、深圳宝安国际机场及郑州新郑国际机场等繁忙机场进行了应用验证。围绕关键技术攻关，在国内外学术期刊和学术会议上发表学术论文25篇，其中SCI检索论文16篇，公开和授权国家发明专利3项，培养硕士研究生7人获得学位，项目组成员参加各类学术活动7次，有效提升了本项目的学术影响力。