基于能量流和碳足迹协同分析的煤化工过程集成优化研究

Currently, the global environmental issues of greenhouse effects by fossil fuel burning are becoming increasingly prominent, which urgently needs substantial energy conservation and emission reduction to relieve in the process industries. Therefore it is important to evaluate the processes accurately. The novel concept, carbon footprint, comprehensively reflects the energy efficiency and carbon emission intensity of production processes. The optimization methods based on energy analysis are mature but not well integrated with the carbon footprint analysis. Taking coal chemical industry as the research object, this project aims to discover the source-sink characteristics of energy flows and carbon footprint distribution by establishing the mapping relations between energy characterization and carbon footprint. The proposed synergetic methods between energy analysis and carbon footprint analysis would overcome the limitations of conventional energy analysis on tracing the carbon footprint of technological processes. In the perspective of technological routing, a universal method for tracing the carbon footprint flow is proposed by taking the gasification as the core process to investigate the multi-objective optimization problems and the time accumulation effects of CO2 utilization technologies. In the perspective of industrial chains, the multi-level incidence matrix is established to connect the relations of carbon footprint between single technological routing and the industrial chains on symbiotic coupling production mode on the basis of the cycle cascade utilization of energy and elements. Additionally, the coupling method of carbon footprint and energy with pinch analysis is extended to reveal the internal mechanism between carbon footprint and the layout of coal chemical industry chains and product structures. In this way, it is achieved that high-carbon coal resource could be used by cleaner low-carbon production.

化石能源特别是煤炭利用导致的温室效应问题亟需对工业过程大幅度节能减排。对工艺过程进行碳足迹分析的方法综合反映了工艺过程能源利用率和碳排放强度，但与能量优化分析有机结合不足。本申请拟以煤化工过程为研究对象，揭示能量表征与碳足迹的对应关系，获得碳足迹分布和能量流的空间源阱结构特征，实现能量表征和碳足迹评价的协同分析，突破传统能量分析方法追踪碳足迹的局限性。在工艺流程优化层面，建立以气化炉为核心单元的简化碳足迹追踪普适化方法，探讨不同时间尺度CO2利用技术多目标协同优化和时间累积效应，获得科学衡量CO2利用技术的评价体系。在产业链优化层面，构建多层面碳足迹分析关联矩阵，研究单一工艺流程到多产业链共生耦合的碳足迹映射关系，结合物质和能量梯级循环利用特点构建循环共生耦合生产模式，拓展碳足迹能量夹点耦合分析技术，揭示煤化工产业链和产品结构布局与碳足迹之间的内在机制，助推实现高碳资源利用的低碳清洁生产。

化石能源资源储量有限并且使用过程造成严重污染和温室效应，可再生能源的普及利用尚需时日。国家“双碳”目标的提出，推动煤化工产业向着绿色低碳发展潮流迈进。本基金以典型煤化工过程为研究对象，揭示能量表征与碳足迹的对应关系，获得碳足迹分布和能量流的空间源阱结构特征，实现能量表征和碳足迹评价的协同分析，突破传统能量分析方法追踪碳足迹的局限性。.首先以典型煤制电石乙炔生产工艺为基础，开展了煤基电石-乙炔低碳工艺优化研究，提出了一级碳捕集与固废循环利用耦合的电石-乙炔生产新工艺。开展了一级耦合工艺富余H2、CO尾气化学转化合成清洁燃料低碳醇的工艺设计研究。针对工艺本身产生大量电石渣的实际情况，利用电石渣自身的强碱特性，构建了电石渣矿化吸收一级耦合工艺捕集的CO2富气体的矿化工艺模块，进一步形成了二级碳捕集与固废循环利用耦合的电石-乙炔生产新工艺，确立了更具低碳、洁净、经济循环的煤基电石产业长周期稳定运行的路径。根据非支配排序遗传算法理论，探讨了系统效率、消耗、排放和成本等多目标之间的博弈，从能源和经济角度确定系统的帕累托最优解集，获得了系统综合性能相对最优的折中方案。其次，对煤制甲醇进行了碳足迹、CCS和CCU分析，开发了生物质共气化和太阳能加氢的煤基甲醇和多联产系统的新概念设计，以研究生物质共气化和太阳能加氢的影响，结论表明，在煤基甲醇系统中整合生物质和太阳能氢之前，应在能源效率、温室气体排放和生产成本之间加以权衡。本项目还开发了新型电化学介导胺再生（EMAR）CO2捕集技术，不需要额外的加热和蒸汽，可有效降低CO2解吸过程的能耗和胺的降解，为煤化工大规模减排二氧化碳提供了重要支撑。本研究成果揭示了煤化工产业链和产品结构布局与碳足迹之间的内在机制，助推实现高碳资源利用的低碳清洁生产，为实现煤化工绿色低碳发展提供了重要参考，具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。