纳米颗粒@石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合材料宽温域下磨损机制研究

With the rapid development of equipment manufacturing industry in our country, tribological properties of moving parts become one of the key factors which restrict reliability and life of equipment. With excellent temperature resistance, thermosetting polyimide resin is the preferred substrate for preparation of polymer self-lubricating composites used in wide temperature range. This project intends to design thermosetting polyimide composite reinforced with different hybrids of graphene with nanoparticles as solid lubricant, investigate the tribological properties in wide temperature range, and discuss the effect of interaction between different graphene hybrid systems, micro-structure, and tribochemisty reaction on wear mechanism. Meanwhile, effect of temperature alternating on wear mechanism is also need to be inspected. Finally, this project aims at revealing the influences of different functional fillers on wear mechanisms of composites and the evolution of wear mechanism in wide temperature range. The research results of this project will conduce to comprehension of friction and wear mechanism of polymer composites, and provide a theoretical guideline for the design and application of polymer composites used in wide temperature.

随着我国航空航天事业的迅速发展，宽温域下运动部件的摩擦学性能成为了制约设备可靠性及寿命的关键因素之一。热固性聚酰亚胺树脂因其优良的耐温性能，成为了宽温域聚合物自润滑复合材料制备首选的树脂基体。本项目拟以不同纳米颗粒与石墨烯杂化材料作为固体润滑剂改性纤维增强热固性聚酰亚胺复合材料，并考察其在宽温域下的摩擦学性能，探讨不同石墨烯杂化体系、材料微观结构、摩擦化学反应之间的相互作用对复合材料磨损机制的影响，研究交变循环温度对复合材料磨损机理的影响，拟揭示不同填料对转移膜构筑的影响机理，揭示宽温域下复合材料磨损机制的演变规律。本项目的研究成果有助于深入理解宽温域下聚合物复合材料的摩擦磨损机制，为聚合物自润滑复合材料在宽温域下的设计与应用提供理论指导。

项目主要围绕聚酰亚胺复合材料宽温域下的摩擦性能研究开展工作。项目从聚酰亚胺合成着手，以六方氮化硼，二硫化钼，二硫化钨，氧化石墨烯及石墨相氮化碳为润滑填料制备了一系列不同润滑剂改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料，考察了不同润滑剂改性聚酰亚胺复合材料在宽温域下的摩擦学性能，探讨了不同杂化复合润滑剂对材料微观结构及摩擦性能的影响机制；研究了交变循环温度对复合材料力学、耐热性能及摩擦性能的影响，揭示了不同复合润滑剂对复合材料磨损机制的影响机理。通过上述研究形成结论如下：①苯并咪唑结构的引入能明显提高聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度（Tg，360℃）、耐热性能、力学性能及抗原子氧性能；②与单一的纳米氮化硼相比，氮化硼@二硫化钼及二硫化钨@二硫化钼复合润滑剂改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料表现出了更好的宽温域自润滑性能；③经历交变循环温度处理后，聚合物复合材料表现出了明显的纤维与树脂基体的界面分离，进而影响了其机械和摩擦性能；④纳米颗粒@层状结构复合润滑剂能有效地促进转移膜的形成，进而提高了复合材料的摩擦性能。纯聚合物相比，二氧化硅@氧化石墨烯改性的聚苯并咪唑-酰亚胺复合材料的极限PV值可达15MPa.m/s。