大视场、宽光谱亚波长光子筛复眼成像机理研究

The single photon sieve has obvious disadvantages of energy utilization ratio, range of field of view, width of imaging spectrum, etc. Inspired by the insect with compound eyes, two photon sieve compound eye structures with single wavelength and multi-wavelength are respectively proposed in this project. Firstly, we will design the initial structure and establish the imaging model of sub-wavelength photon sieve compound eyes using Finite-Difference Beam Propagation Method (FD-PBM), find out the influence factors and the influence rules on aberrations and imaging quality, and optimize its structure parameters. Secondly, we will also explore a fabrication method suitable for sub-wavelength photon sieve compound eyes, the optimization parameters will be determined through repeated experiments, and the key technical problems encountered in the process of production will be mastered. Then, an experimental system will be set up and its imaging performance will be analyzed quantitatively. Finally, the numerical simulation results will be compared with the experimental results for verifying the effectiveness of the proposed physical model, which will be further improved to form a good theoretical and experimental basis for its actual applications in the field of the large-field-of-view and wide-spectrum imaging, such as biomedicine and bionics, weapon vision, etc.

针对单个光子筛在能量利用率、视场角范围、成像光谱宽度等性能指标上存在的明显不足，受生物复眼的启发，本项目拟提出单波长和多波长光子筛复眼结构。首先，设计亚波长光子筛复眼的初始结构，利用有限差分光束传播法建立其成像的物理模型，从理论上分析各种像差的成因及对成像质量的影响规律，并优化结构参数。其次，探索适合于亚波长光子筛复眼的制作工艺，通过反复工艺实验，确定最佳工艺参数，并掌握制作过程中遇到的技术难题。再次，搭建亚波长光子筛复眼实验测试系统，并对其成像性能进行定量分析。最后，将理论分析与实验研究进行对比分析，验证模型合理性，不断完善模型，为其在大视场角、宽光谱成像领域的实用化奠定良好的理论和实验基础，如：生物医学与仿生学、武器视觉等。

针对单个光子筛在视场角范围、能量利用率、成像光谱宽度等性能指标上存在明显不足，很难得到实际应用的情况，本项目利用理论分析、数值模拟及实验验证相结合的方法对大视场、宽光谱亚波长光子筛复眼成像机理和制作工艺进行了深入研究，并对其在宽光谱成像领域的应用进行了初步探索，取得了如下研究成果。.首先，设计了亚波长光子筛复眼的初始结构，建立了相应的物理模型，并对其结构参数进行了优化，如：光线入射角度，子眼个数，亚波长光子筛之间相邻区域的分布等。数值模拟结果表明，与单个亚波长光子筛相比，亚波长光子筛复眼拓宽了视场角范围，提高了能量利用率，拓宽了光谱宽度。此外，还对多波长光子筛复眼结构进行了初步研究。其次，对亚波长光子筛复眼透镜的基底材料和弹力薄膜进行了材料选择及制备工艺参数优化，在此基础上，提出一种基于DMD数字光刻的曲面复眼透镜制备方法，子眼的口径、矢高以及曲面复眼透镜的曲率半径可控。这种制备工艺具有面形精度高、表面均匀性好、制备工艺简单，成本低等优点。再次，为解决亚波长光子筛复眼透镜焦距小，焦深短，测量难度高的技术难题，提出了一种基于纳米台阶高度标准样块的焦距测量方法，大幅度降低了装置复杂度和系统测量成本，提高了测量精度。最后，探索了亚波长光子筛复眼在光刻系统、光纤耦合器、光源及投影系统等宽光谱成像领域的应用。.上述研究成果，为亚波长光子筛复眼在宽光谱成像领域的实际应用奠定了良好的理论基础。