基于复眼的大视场面形测量原理与实验研究

A novel system for measuring the three dimensional topography of large targets is developed based on bionics. A highly integrated design is adopted to overcome the disadvantages of the existing system, such as complex structure, high weight, high power consumption and low reliability. 3D coordinate of each point on the large objectives is captured by lens array with curved surface, and use the refractive lens to optimize the optical part of the system, and complete the high-speed image acquisition, high-speed data transmission and real-time processing tasks by making full use of the rapid development of technology of the image sensor and electronics equipment.we have researched the assemble methods and standards for Lens array on a curved surface, implemented Imaging system calibration tasks through establish corresponding targeting model and build calibration platform.The algorithm obtaining a ctual center of facula is explored, and the key issue matching the channel among the compound eye for each imaging point is solved. Based on two developed compound eyes, the measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency for 3-D topography are evaluated and analyzed. Establish a theory system and experimental methodology based on the fabrication, calibration and measurement of large field-of-view compound eye .

为解决大面形形貌检测问题，利用仿生学的概念，研制一种新型的大目标三维形貌测量装置。该装置采用高集成化的设计能有效解决目前大目标形貌测量设备的结构复杂、重量大、功耗高以及可靠性低等问题。通过曲面分布的透镜阵列获取大目标形貌上各点的三维坐标，利用折转透镜优化系统中的光学部分，并充分采用目前图像传感器和电子学设备高速发展技术，完成图像的高速采集、数据的高速传输和实时处理任务。课题研究了曲面分布的透镜阵列安装标准和安装方法，通过建立相应的目标定位模型，搭建标定平台，完成成像系统的标定任务。探索了光斑实际中心提取算法，解决根据多通道成像像点匹配对应通道的问题。并在双目复眼的基础上，对三维形貌测量精度和测量效率进行了评估分析。形成一套较完整的基于复眼大视场探测的制造、标定和检测的理论体系和实验方法。

为解决大视场面形检测问题，基于昆虫复眼结构和仿生学的概念，本课题研制出一种新型的只需简单的照明光点扫描方法而无探测光学部件扫描或移动的大视场面形探测复眼系统。该装置由子眼透镜、折转透镜、CMOS相机和球壳基底等组成。分析了该装置的成像机制，建立了其偏歪成像模型，对成像光斑进行了模拟仿真，考察了复眼中不同子眼通道的成像特性，并研究了成像光斑中心多种高精度提取方法。建立了复眼目标定位数学模型，设计出多种整体系统标定方案，包括：利用子眼中心坐标的标定方法、基于光场的多位置标定方法、基于双圆柱面和神经网络的标定方法和基于虚拟双球面的标定方法，并对光斑与子眼通道如何匹配等关键问题进行了探索，实现了复眼的高精度全视场整体标定。分析了复眼测量的基本原理，分别使用复眼对小视场和大视场物体开展了测量任务，并组合双复眼解决了子眼之间基线过短问题，提高了系统的纵向分辨率。最后，对物体面形进行点云扫描，实现了三维形貌的高精度重构。该项目研究成果形成了一套较完整的基于复眼大视场探测的制造、标定和检测的理论体系和实验方法，在空间目标定位、面形测量和三维重构等方面具有很高的应用价值。