大尺寸生物陶瓷人工骨增材制造研究

Bioceramic artificial bone is a bioactive biodegradable orthopaedic implant with macroscopic pore structure, which can be used for bone defect and can also be widely used in bone defect repair area. For the problem of manufacture the large size bioceramic artificial bone with high mechanical strength, high bioactivity, high quality and no defects, the current project proposes to the solution of additive manufacture of large size bioceramic artificial bone. In order to carry out the project successfully, the research work will be divided into several parts as follows. Firstly, the 3D printing process of large size bioceramic artificial bone will be optimized, and the scale effect and forming mechanism in the process of additive manufacture of artificial bone will also be investigated for manufacturing the large size artificial bone with high quality. Secondly, the sintering process of large size artificial bone during microwave sintering will be optimized, and the method of adjusting and controlling the change of grain and the densification process in artificial bone will be explored to manufacture artificial bone with high mechanical strength and high bioactivity. Thirdly, the large strain in the process of sintering will be modeled, and the shrinkage and crack mechanism of artificial bone will be explored for manufacturing the artificial bone with changeable size and structure, and no defects. Fourthly, the relationship of mechanical strength, degradation property and bone regeneration repair property of large size bioceramic artificial bone in the large bone defects will be also researched.

生物陶瓷人工骨是指具有宏微孔隙结构的生物活性可降解骨科植入物，可治疗骨缺损，可广泛应用于骨缺损修复领域。针对目前难以制造高力学性能、高生物活性、高质量无缺陷的大尺寸生物陶瓷人工骨难题，项目提出增材制造大尺寸生物陶瓷人工骨的解决思路。拟开展的研究包括：1）研究大尺寸生物陶瓷人工骨的3D打印成型优化工艺，探索人工骨增材制造成型过程中的尺度效应及成型机理，实现高精度大尺寸的人工骨制造；2）研究微波烧结工艺下大尺寸生物陶瓷人工骨的烧结成型优化工艺，探索烧结成型时人工骨内晶粒变化和致密化过程可调可控的方法，实现高力学性能和高生物活性的人工骨制造；3）对大尺寸生物陶瓷人工骨烧结成型过程中的大变形行为建模，探索人工骨的收缩机制和裂纹产生机制，实现无缺陷的变尺寸、变结构人工骨的可控制造；4）基于大尺寸生物陶瓷人工骨，研究其在大段骨缺损修复中力学性能、降解性能和骨再生修复性能等生物学效应之间的关系。

生物陶瓷人工骨是指具有宏微孔隙结构的生物活性可降解骨科植入物，可治疗骨缺损，可广泛应用于骨缺损修复领域。项目提出了大尺寸人工骨的生物制造新方法，实现了高强度的大尺寸生物活性可降解陶瓷人工骨的制造，具有可控的尺寸和结构，并成功将其应用于体内骨折修复重建模型。对生物墨水的打印过程进行了研究，建立了挤出式生物打印过程仿真模型和喷墨式生物打印过程仿真模型，系统研究了制造工艺参数对支架成形过程的影响，优化了生物墨水打印参数，实现了不同结构支架的可控制造，为生物3D打印参数的设计奠定了基础。搭建了适用于高粘度生物墨水打印成型的三维制造平台，实现了人工骨的高精度打印。提出了基于TPMS的孔道结构参数化设计方法。探讨了裂纹和缺陷的产生机制，提出了抑制裂纹和气孔的方法。实现对人工骨结构整体综合力学性能的精确控制，得到与环境力学性能匹配的优化模型。