30t轴重重载铁路线路平纵断面特征对车线系统动力性能的影响及参数优化研究

A number of heavy haul railway such as the South Central Shanxi Railway and Menxi-Huazhong Railway have been under construction or in operation in these years. Wagons with 30 t axle load are widely used on these railways, leading to a closer relation between the layout and profile parameters and vehicle-track dynamic performances. However, due to the insufficiency of relevant standards and codes, there is still a lack of consideration of vehicle-track dynamic performance when designing heavy haul railway’s layout and profile. This project focuses on layout and profile parameters of heavy haul railway with 30t axle load. Firstly, longitudinal impulse is analyzed under different operating conditions. A train-track interaction model with consideration of train, track, bridge and line condition is established to analyze layout and profile parameters of heavy haul railway. Simulation of horizontal, longitudinal and vertical vehicle-track dynamic responses in long distance railway can then be achieved under different running conditions. Secondly, the effect of parameters e.g. circular curve, transition curve, clip straight line, slope, slope length and slope algebraic difference and their configurations under different railway structure and different running conditions on vehicle-track dynamics is investigated. Finally, to reasonably control running stability, structure dynamic performance and wheel/rail wear indicators, a valuation and matching principle of core layout and profile parameters are introduced. Based on this principle, the criteria which can be used to design route of heavy haul railway with 30 t axle loads is logically established.

近年来随着山西中南部、蒙西至华中等多条重载铁路的运营或建设，我国重载运输已迈入30t轴重时代。大轴重条件下线路平纵断面参数与车线动力性能之间的关系将愈加密切，但在重载铁路平纵断面设置中缺乏对车线动力性能的考虑，相关规范标准尚不完善。本项目将围绕30t轴重重载铁路平纵断面参数设置问题开展研究。综合考虑30t轴重重载铁路线路条件、列车、轨道及桥梁结构特点，结合不同运行工况下纵向冲动分析，提出适宜大轴重重载铁路平纵断面参数分析的列车与线路动力相互作用理论，实现重载列车在长大线路上以不同操作模式运行时横向、垂向及纵向车线动力学行为模拟；研究不同线路结构、不同运行工况条件下圆曲线、缓和曲线、夹直线、坡度、坡段长度、坡度代数差等参数及其组合对车线系统动力性能的影响程度；以合理控制行车安全性、结构动力性能和轮轨磨耗指标为目的，提出平纵断面核心参数取值及匹配原则，确立30t轴重重载铁路线路参数体系。

我国铁路重载运输在年运量方面处于世界领先水平，在列车牵引质量方面与国际水平相当，但机车和车辆最大轴重仅为25t，相对偏低，我国货运轴重向30吨的发展已成为必然趋势。本项目以实现我国重载铁路工程设计关键技术的整体提升为目标，围绕30t轴重重载铁路开展线路平纵断面设计问题开展研究，为我国重载运输全面迈入30吨时代奠定基础。本研究主要成果包括：（1）以我国自主研制的30t轴重重载货车为基础，在充分考虑重载铁路桥梁结构、平纵断面线路特征和轮轨关系基础上分别建立了大轴重货车-桥梁动力分析模型、重载纵向动力学模型、长大编组列车三维动力学模型、线桥结构有限元模型，这一研究提出的动力分析技术和仿真软件为重载铁路平纵断面设计中技术难点分析提供了科学手段。（2）综合考虑重载铁路动力性能和行车安全的基础上提出了桥上曲线半径、桥上反向曲线夹直线、限制坡度、坡度代数差、坡段长度等影响工程投资的平纵断面关键参数，预测了曲线地段线桥结构服役可靠性，并在实际工程中得到了应用。（3）在考虑大坡道重载列车操作模式基础上分析了大坡道小曲线条件对行车安全性和轮轨作用力的影响关系，提出了大坡道曲线匹配关系和取值，这一研究对从工程设计角度降低重载铁路大坡度小曲线病害发生的风险具有重要意义。（4）依托朔黄铁路和瓦日铁路大轴重重载列车综合实验，连续跟踪开展了500m、800m、1000m、1200m半径路基段曲线和800m、1200m半径桥梁段曲线大轴重重载列车运行动力学测试，结合运营实际确定了曲线设置对轮轨作用力及结构动力性能的影响关系，这一研究对降低曲线设置对行车安全和线路病害等造成的不利影响具有重要价值，也为科学合理确定重载铁路线路设计参数提供了重要依据。