生物质水热芳构转化为高辛烷值燃油及能质调控机理研究

High-octane fuel is one of high-performance fuels, which is generally used in the vehicles and aircraft with piston engines. Currently, the ways of production of high-octane fuel is dominated by petroleum refining that is unsustainable. Therefore, researching and developing the novel ways in the production of high-octane fuel derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass resources is greatly significant in the energy strategy of state. Based on the special physical and chemical properties of lignocellulose, such as hydrophilicity, highly regular structure and functional properties characteristics, this project proposes a novel idea, combining the hydrogenation pre-steady assisted hydrothermal depolymerization progress and hydrothermal aromatization progress, for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into high-octane fuel in aqueous phase. Under the low temperature and low hydrogen consumption, the high octane fuel composed by C5+ paraffins, aromatics and naphthenes is produced in the hydrothermal entironment. Due to the hydrophobic properties of hydrocarbon fuel, this progress can greatly reduce the energy consumption through the water-oil bi-phase separation. In this project, several key scientific problems should be to explore in the hydrothermal aromatization progress, involving multiphase flow, multiphase mixed law, reaction kinetics and mechanism of hydrothermal aromatization, heat and mass transfer law. The heating value, atomizing burner, antiknock quality of high-octane fuel derived from biomass will be investigated. By conducting this project, it will provide the theory and engineering foundation for technology development and industrial development on the efficient conversion of biomass into advanced liquid fuel.

高辛烷值燃油是汽车及活塞发动机飞机燃用的高性能燃油，战略意义重大。目前主要由石油炼制生产，研究由可再生的木质纤维素类生物质资源转化制取的新途径具有十分重要的意义。本项目针对木质纤维素亲水、结构高度规律性及功能性的特点，提出在水相中进行生物质氢化预稳水热解聚-水热芳构转化的新思路，在低温及低氢耗的水热环境下转化木质纤维素为由C5+烷烃、芳烃及环烷烃组成的高辛烷值燃油，利用烃燃油憎水物性与水相分离，显著降低过程能耗。探索生物质水热芳构转化的多相流动与混合规律、水热芳构反应动力学及反应热质传递规律、揭示水热芳构转化机理及高辛烷值燃油热值、雾化燃烧、抗爆性等能质调控机制，为生物质高效转化为先进液体燃料技术及产业发展提供理论及工程基础。

高辛烷值燃油是汽车及活塞发动机飞机燃用的高性能燃油，战略意义重大。目前主要由石油炼制生产，研究由可再生的木质纤维素类生物质资源转化制取的新途径具有十分重要的意义。本项目针对木质纤维素亲水、结构高度规律性及功能性的特点，开展了生物质氢化预稳水热解聚-水热芳构转化制取高辛烷值燃油的新途径、催化材料水热服役稳定性、转化过程多相流动及反应热传递规律及系统能效评价研究。发明了木质纤维素酸性湿磨-氢化预稳水热解聚新方法，解决了水溶性能量物质分子结构的热稳定性问题。依据能量物质的复杂立体空间构型、动力学几何特征及分子运动自由程，以其在受限微纳空间的输运及界面反应为导向，构筑了强化传递与反应耦合的微纳受限结构与功能化催化材料，探索了其催化糖醇水热芳构转化为高辛烷值燃油的微观传递-反应耦合机理，提出了有序扩散-择型转化的燃油组成及能质品质调控策略。探索了水热转化过程的多相态特征，揭示了催化床反应热引起高温水膜态沸腾，强化了催化材料颗粒传热，解决了由于局部高温热点导致的纳米金属粒子聚并长大失活问题，提高了催化材料的服役寿命。率先实现碳水化合物低温水热芳构化制高辛烷值燃油，通过降低转化温度和无需原料汽化提高了过程转化能效。发明了碳水化合物水热芳构化制高碳芳烃和环烷烃的方法，收率达75%以上，制备的高碳芳烃和环烷烃是航空燃料中的重要成分，得到美国Boeing和NREL（美国可再生能源国家实验室）的高度评价。建立了生物质水热解聚-芳构一步转化耦合过程，系统能效达48%。本项目已发表学术期刊论文13篇，申请国家发明专利6项，其中3项授权，培养了中青年人才4人，博士研究生2名，硕士研究生3名。