溶解酯化煤体瓦斯机理研究

At present, coal and gas outbursts accidents are very serious in our country, it contributes to over 300 deaths a year, and the total accidents number accounts for 40% in the worldwide. The existing technologies have achieved the aim of gas extraction which was carried out mainly by physical means, such as doing pore-forming, forming joint and mining release-seam to release the pressure of the coals. However, the above technologies have the shortcomings of high cost for construction, severe dust pollution and poor time effectiveness. This research will carry out the following experiments and work: coal gas desorption, physical and chemical properties simulation by computers, efficiency experiment of dissolving coal gas under the organic solution system, efficiency experiment of esterifying coal gas under the acidic solution system, surfactant efficiency experiment of reducing the surface tension of solution, chemical solution preparing experiment for outburst elimination. Then the chemical outburst elimination technology of coal gas will be studied, the chemical bond rupture and recombination law will be gained during the reaction between chemical outburst elimination solution with coal gas, and the fracture seepage variation will be studied between before and after outburst elimination.Through analysing and calculting the data from the experiment, the three-phase interface physical and chemical properties of the coal-gas-chemical solution will be analysed deeply.The proper chemical outburst elimination solution will be prepared based on the above experiments results, and the chemical composition of the surfactant, solvent and the transforming agent will be defined. Finally it will be gained about the surfactant efficiency of reducing the surface tension of solution, the dissolving and transformation rate of coal gas in the three-phase interface and the corresponding dissolving and transformation condition, which will become the basis of economical and practical,safety and green environmental chemical outburst elimination technology.

我国煤与瓦斯突出事故非常严重，每年死亡人数超过300人，总次数占全世界40%以上。现有消突技术主要通过对煤体进行成孔、造缝和开采解放层卸压等物理手段实现瓦斯抽采的目的，施工成本高，粉尘严重，时效性差。本项目将通过煤体瓦斯解析实验、计算机物化特性模拟计算、有机溶液体系下溶解瓦斯效能试验、酸性溶液体系下酯化瓦斯效能试验、活性剂降低溶解液表面张力试验和化学消突溶剂溶液的配置试验，研究煤层瓦斯化学消突技术治灾机理，获得化学消突溶剂与煤层瓦斯气体反应过程中化学键破裂和重组规律，研究消突前和消突后裂隙渗流变化情况。通过分析计算试验所得数据深入剖析"瓦斯-煤-化学溶剂"三相界面物化性质，应用各试验结论配置适当的化学消突溶液，明确溶液中活性剂、溶解剂和转化剂的化学组分，得出关于活性剂降低溶解液表面张力效能及瓦斯气体在三相界面处的溶解转化率及转化条件,从而为研发一种经济实用、安全环保的化学消突技术奠定基础。

煤矿瓦斯灾害是我国煤矿的主要灾害之一, 严重制约我国煤矿的安全生产和煤炭工业的可持续发展。为有效防治煤矿瓦斯突出，降低瓦斯灾害带来的损失，国内外学者都在积极探索瓦斯消突新途径。本项目就溶解酯化煤体瓦斯机理展开研究，以期建立“瓦斯—煤—化学溶剂”三相界面瓦斯吸附模型，在此基础上配置出对瓦斯具有良好溶解酯化效果的的化学消突溶液，从而提高瓦斯转化效率，达到防止瓦斯突出的目的。.项目为探究溶解酯化煤体瓦斯机理进行了理论研究。利用ChemDraw软件建立了甲烷分子微观构型，分析了分子内键能键角等化学性质并对甲烷转化试剂进行了微观模型的分析与筛选。探究了表面活性剂胶束增溶甲烷机理以及长链多碳烷对甲烷分子的相似相溶机理。对酸性溶液体系下甲烷的酯化反应进行了化学动力学研究，计算了各反应步骤中反应速率和反应时间的关系。建立了“瓦斯—煤—溶解酯化剂”三相界面瓦斯吸附模型，探究了溶解酯化剂在瓦斯表面的分子间力、静电力和表面结构力等物化性质。.项目为验证溶解酯化煤体瓦斯机理开展了实验室实验研究。建立了表面活性剂-多碳烷溶解体系，研究了不同条件下表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度变化规律，明确了不同类型表面活性剂及长链多碳烷对甲烷的溶解效果。进行了酸性溶液体系下的甲烷酯化实验，配置并优化出消突效果优良的化学消突溶液。.项目为应用溶解酯化煤体瓦斯机理进行了现场实验研究。选取上社煤矿15013综采工作面进行了现场实验，以检验溶解酯化煤体瓦斯的实际应用情况。结果表明注入溶解酯化剂后，煤体中甲烷含量减少，瓦斯压力降低，从而达到了瓦斯消突目的。.本项目的研究成果提供了化学消突的新思路，为实现化学消突技术奠定了理论基础。