Mutations of HACE1 gene or its down-regulated expression have been closely associated multiple types of human cancer, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Previous work established that HECT Domain And Ankyrin Repeat-Containing E3 Ubiquitin ligase (HACE1) suppresses tumor in a ligase-activity-dependent manner. E3 ubiquitin ligases usually function through ubiquitylating a set of their physiological substrates. Recently, work from ourselves and others led to the identification of autophagy receptor Optineurin and small GTPase Rac1, regulating autophagy and cell migration respectively, as two bona fide substrates for HACE1. It remained yet unclear whether there existed any other substrates for HACE1. Cyclin C(CCNC), a key regulator for cell cycle, was reported to be a haploinsufficient tumor inhibitor and play a role in the development of T cell leukemia. CCNC expression is abnormal in gastric carcinoma. Through yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified CCNC as yet another interacting partner for HACE1, which was further confirmed by GST-pull down and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Subsequent ubiquitylation assay indicated that HACE1 could indeed ubiquitylate CCNC both in vitro and in vivo. Here we propose to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying HACE1-mediated ubiquitylation of CCNC. Based on our recent observation that expression of HACE1 is significantly downregulated in many human specimens of gastric carcinoma,liver cancer and lung cancer, we set out to investigate how deficient ubiquitylation of CCNC by HACE1 might contribute to deregulated cell cycling and tumorigenesis of human gastric carcinoma, also by constructing mouse models for tissue-specific ablation of HACE1 gene. Advance from this project might help identify novel biomarkers for gastric carcinoma and develop new therapeutic strategy for personalized treatment of related human malignancy.
研究表明,肿瘤发生发展与蛋白质泛素化信号异常密切相关;泛素连接酶通常通过泛素化多个蛋白质底物发挥其生理功能;泛素连接酶HACE1具有依赖其泛素连接酶活性的肿瘤抑制作用。除Rac1外,我们发现,HACE1特异性结合细胞自噬受体OPTN,并介导其泛素化,参与调节细胞自噬和肿瘤增殖(Cancer Cell, 2014)。我们最新的数据显示,HACE1还特异性地结合并泛素化重要的细胞周期调节蛋白cyclin C(CCNC)。研究报道CCNC在胃癌组织中的表达异常。在发现胃癌组织HACE1基因表达显著下调的基础上,我们拟通过建立条件性基因敲除小鼠细胞或动物模型,结合胃癌细胞株及临床样本分析,深入研究HACE1泛素化CCNC并调节其功能的分子机制,全面探讨HACE1基因表达下调导致的泛素化信号异常参与调控胃癌发生发展的机理。本研究可能为胃癌的诊治提供新的生物标记和干预靶点,对其他肿瘤诊治兼具提示意义。
胃癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,为我国第二大癌症。胃癌治疗中的化疗药物敏感性问题是密切关系到患者预后的一个重要问题。蛋白泛素化作为翻译后修释,已被报道与蛋白的降解和蛋白的诸多功能相关,如自噬、线粒体自噬、DNA损伤等。本项目首先探究了E3泛素连接酶HACE1在胃癌中的作用。在142例胃癌组织标本中通过免疫组化技术定量检测了HACE1的表达,发现HACE1在胃癌组织中的表达比癌旁正常组织低;结合142例胃癌患者的临床病理信息,通过卡方检验发现胃癌组织中的HACE1的蛋白表达量与肿瘤分化呈正相关,即HACE1表达相对高的胃癌组织其肿瘤分化程度也相对较高;进行生存分析后发现在TNM分期为I-IIIa期的患者中,HACE1高表达组患者预后较低表达组更好。进而,在细胞及动物实验中,本研究发现HACE1过表达会抑制胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和促进细胞凋亡,同时HACE1过表达可降低裸鼠皮下肿瘤生长速率。相反地,本研究发现在HACE1敲除细胞系中胃癌细胞增殖、迁移能力增强、凋亡减弱。更进一步,本研究发现了过表达和敲除HACE1可以调控β-catenin的蛋白水平,同时敲除HACE1可以明显增强Wnt/β-catenin通路活性,提示HACE1有可能通过调控Wnt/β-catenin通路来影响胃癌细胞的增殖和迁移。本研究其次着重探究了HACE1对其底物CCNC的泛素化修饰在胃癌中的影响。首先在体内和体外实验中明确了HACE1与CCNC蛋白之间的相互作用,并发现这样一种相互作用是基于顺铂药物刺激下才会发生,进一步在胃癌细胞与新辅助化疗术后病人的组织中验证了HACE1与CCNC的共定位,而后,明确了CCNC的泛素化位点及泛素链方式。后续实验基于此,通过在CCNC敲除的细胞中回转突变CCNC泛素化位点的蛋白CCNC3KtoR和野生型CCNCWT进一步探究其泛素化发挥的作用。基于CCNC与HACE1的泛素化在顺铂刺激下发生,并且CCNC在胃癌细胞中表现出顺铂刺激下的出核并到线粒体的一个重定位过程,因此我们对CCNC的泛素化与顺铂化疗药敏感性问题进行了探究。最后,研究发现能够被泛素化的CCNC通过减弱线粒体稳定性使胃癌细胞在化疗药刺激下更易发生凋亡。本研究对于解决、应对胃癌化疗药物敏感性这一问题提供了新的视角。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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