基于安全间隔模型分析的平行跑道配对进近方法研究

Although construction of parallel runways is an effective means to improve the airport capacity, the conservative mode commonly used in the operation cannot take full advantage of the runway resource. The paired approach based on safe spacing model is a new operation mode, of which the security strongly relies on the two fundamental factors: accuracy of wake vortex influence analysis and completeness of anti-collision analysis. However, the mode of wake vortex influence between paired approach aircrafts are lack of theoretical analysis, experimental research and numerical simulation. All three stages of ground effect experienced in process of aircraft landing have complicated wake vortex influence between paired aircrafts. Two-dimensional anti-collision strategy cannot apply to the three-dimensional (3D) paired approach mode, and insufficient consideration of human factor and aircraft maneuvering performance would be a security risk. This proposal offers to develop paired approach methods based on mechanism analysis of parameter influence, for the three stages of ground effect: to analyze wake vortex influence of each stage combining theoretical analysis, experiment research and numerical simulation to obtain wake vortex influence model for the whole process of paired approach; to develop the 3D safe spacing model based on the anti-collision strategy considering two-person zero-sum mode, human factor and aircraft maneuvering performance. The ultimate goal of the research is to transcend the limitations on the present safe spacing model, and improve security of paired approach methods for its application in parallel runways, especially in closely spaced parallel runways.

增建平行跑道是提高机场容量的有效途径，但普遍采用的保守运行模式无法充分利用跑道资源。配对进近方法是基于安全间隔模型的新型运行模式，其安全性主要取决于尾流影响分析的准确性和防撞分析的完备性。配对进近飞机间尾流影响模型研究不足，缺乏理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟佐证。飞机着陆过程经历尾流地面效应的三个阶段，各阶段配对飞机间尾流影响复杂。二维防撞策略不适用于三维配对方式，且对人的因素和飞机机动性能考虑不足，容易形成安全隐患。本项目以发展配对进近方法为目标，通过参数影响机理分析确定几种配对方式作为出发点；针对尾流地面效应三个阶段，通过理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟研究配对飞机尾流影响机理，建立配对进近全过程尾流影响模型；结合两人零和对策、人的因素和飞机机动性能进行防撞分析，进而建立三维安全间隔模型。力争突破现有安全间隔模型局限性，优化配对进近方法，并开展其在平行跑道尤其是近距平行跑道上的应用研究。

增建平行跑道是提高机场容量的有效途径，但普遍采用的保守运行模式无法充分利用跑道 资源。配对进近方法是基于安全间隔模型的新型运行模式，其安全性主要取决于尾流影响分析 的准确性和防撞分析的完备性。配对进近飞机间尾流影响模型研究不足，缺乏理论分析和数值模拟佐证。飞机着陆过程经历尾流地面效应的三个阶段，各阶段配对飞机间尾流影响复杂。二维防撞策略不适用于三维配对方式，且对人的因素和飞机机动性能考虑不足，容易形成安全隐患。.本课题以发展配对进近方法为目标，围绕上述要素涉及的科学问题展开研究：（1）建立了配对进近过程中受多因素影响的前机航迹模型和尾流模型，在此基础上发展了一种多因素影响下的配对进近水平安全区模型；（2）建立了尾涡流场数值模拟方法，研究了三种涡粘模型对翼型数值模拟的适用性，研究了近地阶段尾流地面效应影响，分析了尾流涡量变化以及尾流下沉和水平运动规律；（3）通过数值模拟分析了四种前翼对后翼有影响的情况，建立了滚转力矩与后翼翼尖展向位置的关系模型。