猕猴桃核心种质的基因组遗传变异及相关果实品质的关联解析

The kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.), which originally occurs in China, is becoming popular in the fresh fruit market worldwide due to its rich nutrition and good flavor. China is the center of the natural distribuiton of wild Actinidia germplasm and also the biggest country for kiwifruit production. However, the kiwifruit industry is far from those in New Zealand and Italy due to the problems of cultivars developed in China. In the present project, based on the kiwifruit germplasm conserved in the National Actinidia Germplasm Repository, we try to construct a core collection bank by using the previous genetic diversity database evaluated by different kinds of molecular markers and the key fruit traits. Furthermore, we will use the NGS sequencing technique to resequence the representative individuals in the constructed bank to analysis the genome-wide genetic variation and the evolutionary relationship of these studied germplasm after mapping resequencing reads to the reference genome of kiwifruit. Finally, an association study will conduct to detect the possibly molecular basis related to important fruit traits based on our genetic and phenotypic analyses. All our results will greatly improve the genetic breeding and sustainable industry development of kiwifruit in China.

猕猴桃（Actinidia Lindl.）原产我国，因其丰富的营养价值和独特的风味而成为世界新兴水果的典型代表。我国是猕猴桃属植物资源的分布中心和商业猕猴桃的产销大国。然而，长期以来，我国猕猴桃产业发展受制于栽培品种产量低、适应性差和品质参差不齐等问题，与世界猕猴桃主产国新西兰、意大利等仍然存在差距。本项目立足国家猕猴桃种质资源圃现有的猕猴桃主要栽培种质和自然种质资源，在前期研究基础上进行核心种质库构建，分析主要果实品质相关的特征性状。同时，利用新一代高通量测序技术对代表性核心种质进行低深度高通量重测序，通过比对现有猕猴桃参考基因组研究其基因组水平的遗传变异和样本种质间的进化遗传关系。最后利用最近发展的关联分析法探讨基因组遗传变异与重要果实品质性状间可能的相关性，理解复杂性状可能的分子遗传基础，为我国猕猴桃的遗传育种和产业可持续发展奠定基础。

猕猴桃是原产我国的世界性新兴水果，我国自然野生分布的猕猴桃资源丰富，开发利用的潜力巨大。本项目基于现代基因组测序技术，旨在构建猕猴桃遗传育种的核心种质资源库，并弄清相关重要性状的分子遗传机理。本项目系统的评价了约一千多份先前收集的各类猕猴桃资源，比较整理了各种基因组遗传分析数据，采用两步筛选法获得了275份初级核心种质及55份关键核心种质。基于筛选的核心种质，利用基因组重测序方法进一步研究了猕猴桃整体的网状杂交进化的式样。针对当前猕猴桃受溃疡病危害的严重状况，调整了主要性状关联分析为抗性性状的分子机理研究，获得了猕猴桃高效基因组编辑体系，发现了各种RNA水平相关溃疡病抗（感）性的分子互作网络模块。项目的完成发表了SCI论文6篇，申请国家技术发明专利2项，培养了研究生5名，部分成果获得了农业部科技奖励。项目的完成，为今后猕猴桃的遗传育种工作，特别是抗性种质资源的发掘利用奠定了坚实基础。