企业异质资源对IT投资绩效的影响机理研究

It is uncovered that firms' IT investment performance varies across firms. Most of researchers, who explored the foundation of IT investment performance, focused on IT resource developed during IT investment. However, the heterogeneous resources, which are gained and stored in firms before IT investment, can impact IT resource development and thus IT investment performance according to resource-based view. Therefore, a research project is proposed, in which we aim to investigate the impact mechanism empirically. The content includes the impact of heterogeneous resource stock on the development of IT resource, the moderating effect on the relationship between IT resource and IT investment performance, the impact on IT-enabled organizational change, and the complementary between IT resource and heterogeneous resource in product innovation. The study will be tested through the comparison of two groups. The sample of experimental group will be drawn from the listing companies that are ranked as top 500 IT leaders, and the sample of control group will be drawn from those listing companies that are not ranked as IT leader simultaneously by pairing. The data are from public files and questionnaire survey. The results will not only testify the impacts of heterogeneous resource stock on the development of IT resource and the moderating effect on the relationship between IT resource and IT investment performance, but also affirm that heterogeneous resources play an important role in the firm's choice of IT investment type and the innovation performance related to IT investment type. The implementation of this proposal will expand the landscape of research on IT investment performance, enrich our understanding of IT investment in the context of China, and perfect the theory frame of resource-based view. This research will provide implications for the decision making practitioners of IT investment also.

企业间IT投资绩效存在持续性差异，学术界对其根源的探讨大多集中于信息化建设中构筑的IT资源。本项目根据资源基础论推断，信息化建设前的异质资源是影响IT资源构筑及其基础上IT投资绩效的深层次因素，因此将探索其作用机理。具体内容包括异质资源在IT资源构筑中的作用及其影响；异质资源在IT资源与企业绩效相关性中的调节作用；异质资源对IT驱动的组织变革及其绩效的影响；IT资源与异质资源在产品创新中的互补性。研究样本来自国家信息化测评中心发布的中国信息化500强中的上市公司及没上榜的配对上市公司，数据来自公开的资料及问卷调查。研究结果将证实异质资源不仅影响IT资源的构筑、IT资源与企业绩效的相关性，而且影响企业 IT投资类型的选择及其基础上的创新绩效。本项目的研究将拓展IT投资绩效影响因素的研究视野，丰富中国情景下IT投资绩效的研究成果，完善资源基础论的逻辑框架；同时为企业的IT投资决策提供理论指导。

信息化建设对企业生产经营活动产生了广泛、深入的影响，并导致了企业盈利能力的变化。相关研究显示，信息化建设影响企业盈利水平的途径包括：开发了可提高企业信息处理能力的IT资源；促进了企业的组织变革、产品创新等创新性活动。本项目认为，无论是IT资源的开发还是创新活动的激发都高度依赖企业既有的异质资源，企业异质资源对IT投资绩效存在显著影响。为此，项目组借助理论和实证研究探索了企业异质资源对IT投资绩效的影响机理。在IT资源开发方面，项目组采用案例分析的方法从异质资源众多的组分中筛选出组织资本这一关键要素，发现组织资本雄厚的企业运作规范，搭建的信息化架构运作效率更高，更容易获取支撑IT架构运行的IT技能，即更容易获得IT资源。研究样本来自中国信息化500强排行榜中的上市服务企业及采用配对方法确定的没上榜的上市企业，变量值根据公开的二手数据计算得出。研究发现，组织资本对IT资源开发的直接效应是提升了IT架构的适配性，促进了IT技能的获取；间接效应是促进了企业的信息化建设，为IT资源的开发创造了机会。在促进创新方面，项目组在调研中发现，在不同的企业，信息化建设对创新的促进作用是有差异的，仅创新能力强的企业在信息化建设后会加速创新。进一步的研究表明，IT能力与创新绩效的相关程度与企业可支配资源的关系呈倒U型，即可支配资源丰裕或贫瘠时信息化对创新的促进作用较弱，可支配资源适中时信息化对创新的促进作用最强；IT能力与创新绩效的相关性依赖企业的创新程度，渐进型创新中信息化对创新的促进作用弱于突变型创新中的作用。前期的研究大多集中于IT资源的构成及其对企业绩效的影响，强调信息化建设对企业创新活动的强化，本文的研究把焦点转向了IT资源的开发过程以及IT资源促进创新的机理和途径，拓展了IT投资绩效的研究视野。