移动气垫荷载作用于浅水冰层上的聚能共振增幅效应和临界速度研究

To meet the needs of ice breaking to Yellow River and coastal waters, aiming at the technology of ice breaking by air cushion vehicle(ACV), the research focuses on the energy accumulating resonant amplification effects and the critical speeds when air cushion load moves on ice sheet floating on shallow water. At present, existing theoretical fomulas and calculation methods are difficult to deal with the response of ice sheet floating on shallow water subjected to the moving air cushion load under complex initial boundary value conditions. Considering the characteristics of the Yellow River and coastal waters, for the response of ice sheet floating on shallow water subjected to the moving air cushion load, the theoretical model, numerical calculation method and measurement system of model experiment will be established. By theoretical，numerical and experimental researches of the problem under complex initial boundary value conditions, the characteristics of flexural-gravity wave, energy propagation，energy accumulating resonant mechanism in ice-water system will be analyzed. The influences of water boundary (such as shallow water bank, non-uniform depth, bending river) and features of air cushion load (such as distribution form, starting position, movement way) to response of ice sheet, energy accumulating resonant effects and two cirtical speeds will be researched. The relationship between operation parameters of air cushion load and large deformation of ice sheet floating on shallow water will be discussed. The key technique of energy accumulating resonant and amplifing effects will be independently developed, which provides the theoretical basis and technical support to explore a reliable, safe, environmental protected, efficient and active defensive way of ice-breaking by ACV.

以黄河和近海水域破冰需求为牵引，以气垫船破冰技术为研究背景，开展移动气垫荷载作用于浅水冰层上的聚能共振增幅效应和临界速度研究。目前，现有理论和方法还难于处理复杂初边值条件下气垫荷载激励浅水冰层的响应问题。本研究针对黄河及近海水域特点，建立移动气垫荷载激励浅水冰层响应的理论模型、数值计算方法和模型实验测量系统。通过对复杂初边值条件下移动气垫荷载激励浅水冰层响应的系统研究，揭示冰层- - 水层中弯曲- - 重力波的波动特性、能量传播特征以及聚能共振形成机理，研究水域边界（如岸壁、非均匀水底、弯曲河道）和气垫荷载特性（如分布形态、启动位置、运动形式）等因素对浅水冰层变形响应、聚能共振效应、双临界速度特征值的影响，探讨气垫荷载运行参数与浅水冰层大幅变形之间的关系，自主掌握移动气垫荷载激励浅水冰层响应的聚能共振增幅关键技术，为探索可靠、安全、环保、高效的主动防御式气垫船破冰减灾方法提供理论基础和技术支撑。

以黄河和近海水域破冰减灾防灾迫切需求为牵引，开展了移动载荷激励浮冰层的聚能共振效应和临界速度研究。建立了移动载荷激励冰层位移响应的理论模型，获得了简单边界条件下匀速、变速移动载荷激励冰层位移响应的解析解。提出了移动载荷激励纯冰、碎冰、纯水及其任意组合问题位移响应的统一数学模型，建立了边界元与有限差分相耦合的数值计算方法。基于有限元方法，对复杂边界条件下移动载荷激励冰层响应问题进行了数值模拟。通过移动载荷激励仿冰材料变形的系列实验，总结得到了薄膜的位移响应和临界速度变化规律。拓展研究了脉冲点源、三角载荷激励冰层位移响应的理论求解方法，以及限制水域船舶兴波和压力变化的计算方法。综合理论分析、数值计算和模型实验研究结果，分析了气垫速度、分布形态、冰层参数、河道截面、水深变化、岸壁形状等因素对移动载荷激励冰层位移响应和破冰效果的影响，揭示了复杂边界条件下移动载荷激励冰层大幅变形响应的临界速度、能量传播特征和聚能共振效应机理，获得了移动气垫载荷激励冰层大幅变形的变化规律和关键技术。这些研究成果为发展安全高效的气垫船破冰方法提供了理论基础。