低碳农业的联合生产绩效与行为机制研究

The process of agriculture can be regarded as joint production in which food, fruits, trees, livestock and other agricultural products generated combined with effects of carbon emissions at the same time. In the perspective of joint production, the problem of low-carbon agricultural development largely on how to achieve agricultural products by the control of another joint products -- carbon emissions at the same time, so as to decoupling the relationship between agricultural products and carbon products. Based on measurement of agricultural carbon effect, we regard the agricultural greenhouse gas emissions as non-expected joint products associated with agricultural economy and health products. In this application project, we plan to research the economics nature, comprehensive performance of joint production, farmers’ behavior and policy incentive mechanism to typical patterns of low-carbon agriculture under the analysis framework of joint production.On this basis, we will put forward the system construction and policy suggestions to promote the sustainable development of low-carbon agriculture. The main research contents include: (1) the nature of joint production in typical mode of low-carbon agriculture; (2) the comprehensive performance evaluation to joint production of low-carbon agriculture; (3) study on farmers' behavior of low carbon agricultural in joint production; (4) the design of incentive mechanism to low-carbon agricultural in joint production; (5) the institutional innovation and policy suggestions to low carbon agriculture development. This research has the important theoretical value and practical significance to promote China's development of low-carbon agriculture innovation.

农业生产可视之为粮食、果品、林木、畜禽等农产品与碳排放效应同时产生的联合生产过程。在联合生产的视角下，低碳农业发展问题很大程度是如何在取得农业产品的同时，控制另一种联合产品——碳排放，使得农产品和碳产品之间的耦合关系得以脱钩。本项目在开展农业碳效应计量的基础上，将农业温室气体排放视作与农业经济产品相伴而生的非期望联合产品，通过引入联合生产分析框架对低碳农业典型模式进行深度剖析，着重揭示低碳农业联合生产的经济学性质、综合绩效、农户行为及政策激励机制。在此基础上，就推进低碳农业持续发展提出制度构想和政策建议。研究内容主要包括：（1）低碳农业典型模式的联合生产性质；（2）低碳农业的联合生产综合绩效评价；（3）低碳农业联合生产的农户行为研究；（4）低碳农业联合生产的激励机制设计；（5）低碳农业发展的制度创新及政策建议。本研究对于推动我国低碳农业发展机制创新具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

本基金项目研究运用联合生产分析框架对低碳农业生产绩效和行为机制进行了系统研究，取得如下主要进展和成果：（1）用联合生产视角并结合碳计量方法考察和理解农业生产实际，认为低碳农业发展的本质在于农产品和碳产品之间的耦合关系得以脱钩或加强。不同低碳农业联合生产模式的综合碳效应差异明显，农产品与非期望碳排放的脱钩强度偏低，与期望碳汇的耦合关系不稳定。（2）通过运用绝对总量和相对指标分析低碳农业联合生产的绩效水平，发现不同农业项目类型和技术集成模式的低碳农业生产绩效差异明显，不同评价方法的结果均显示提高土壤保育固碳减排技术的采用与低碳技术的有序集成有助于改善低碳农业的联合生产绩效水平。（3）通过考察低碳农业生产过程揭示出农户的联合生产行为特征，发现农户对低碳属性农业技术的采用程度偏低，其采用意愿和行为决策受到风险偏好、胜任素质、地理特征、制度环境、要素投入、经济效益、个人特征、行为意向等经济和非经济因素的显著影响。（4）从联合生产角度探寻低碳农业生态补偿的作用机理，发现在“农产品-碳产品”构成的联合生产体系中，农产品是生产者有目的投入和努力经营的结果，而碳产品则是与此过程密不可分的无意后果，不能无条件纳入生产者的决策考量之中，现行低碳农业补偿机制呈现弱激励特征。（5）研究认为构建以补偿为导向的政策机制依然是激励农户参与低碳农业联合生产的重要措施，调整和优化低碳农业补偿机制需要关注农户的心理和情绪因素，建立“碳补偿”形式的生态补偿机制对提升农户低碳农业生产的积极性具有重要作用。