非平衡开放系统中的量子相干性及其应用

In this project, we aim to investigate the quantum coherence in non-equilibrium open system which is contacted to multiple environments with different temperatures or/and chemical potential. Particularly, we will deeply explore the potential applications of the quantum coherence in the energy transfer and quantum information processing. Utilizing the quantum master equation beyond the commonly used secular approximation, our theoretical investigation will cover the following three aspects: (1) Based on non-equilibrium coupled cavity system, we will study the optimization of steady state coherence and the power of energy transmission. Furthermore, we will study the coherent control of energy transmission with the assistance of some nonlinear interaction which is currently available experimentally. (2) We will study the steady state coherence and entanglement in coupled qubit system, and establish the relationship among the local thermalization, entanglement and quantum coherence. (3) We will study the quantum teleportation in the viewpoint of the dynamical evolution and pay attention to the enhancement of teleportation efficiency by the non-equilibrium induced quantum entanglement. These investigations will answer how to sufficiently apply the quantum coherence induced by non-equilibriumness to realize the optimal energy and information transmission and to lay the foundation for the designing and coherent control of relative quantum devices.

本项目旨在研究与多个热库接触的非平衡开放系统（各热库的温度和/或化学势不同）中的量子相干性，并探索其在能量传输和量子信息过程中的应用。我们将超越普遍应用的久期近似，利用量子主方程从以下三个方面开展具体的理论研究工作：（1）基于非平衡微波耦合腔系统，研究稳态量子相干性和能量传输功率的优化；探索非线性相互作用参与下能量传输的相干调控。（2）在非平衡耦合量子比特系统中，研究稳态下的量子相干性和量子纠缠，建立局域热化和纠缠、相干性之间的内在联系。（3）从动力学角度研究量子隐形传态过程，关注非平衡诱导的量子纠缠对隐形传态效率的提高。这些研究的目标是探索如何充分利用非平衡诱导的量子相干性，实现高效的能量和信息传输，为相关量子器件的设计和调控奠定理论基础。

量子调控和量子精密测量是量子科技的重要组成部分。本项目围绕非平衡量子开放系统的量子调控及其在量子精密测量中的应用两个方面开展理论研究工作。主要的科学贡献在于：（1）提出了非平衡环境中量子态演化相干调控及维持量子特性的理论方案。获得了超越传统Dicke模型超辐射的超关联辐射，揭示了维持和增强稳态纠缠的补偿机制。（2）提出了量子开放系统中环境工程辅助的量子精密测量的理论。得到了不需要制备和维持纠缠态就可以实现海森堡极限意义下量子精密测量的方案，辅之以非线性相互作用，设计了超越海森堡极限的量子陀螺仪。在该项目支持下，举办全国《人工量子系统相干调控》学术研讨会一次，2名硕士研究生顺利通过毕业论文答辩，4名硕士生转为硕博连读，项目负责人晋升为教授。