配电网独立二次一体化中心及保护控制通信系统研究

With the access of distributed power, energy storage devices and electric vehicles, the urban space constraints of substation construction and the insufficient performance of protection and control seriously affect the development of the distribution network in the future. It is possible to centralize secondary devices previously configured in different individual substations into a certain third-party location, and an Independent Secondary Device Integrated Center (ISDIC) can be established. This novel design on the structure of the secondary system presents an ideal solution to the compactness requirements of substation secondary devices, improves the performance of the existing distribution network protection schemes, and also enables fast post-disaster reconstruction of power grid. After the implantation of the ISDIC, in order to enhance the performance of control and protection of distribution network, differentiated requirements on communication architecture and information transmission both within the substations and between the substations and the ISDIC should be fully explored. In order to solve the reliability and the real-time capability of the substation-level protections, the effectuation of remote redundant / emergency protections between the substation and the ISDIC, and the global optimal reactive power and voltage control in the jurisdiction of the ISDIC, the main contents of this project are as follows: the optimal siting of the ISDIC, the differentiated communication architectures of both within and between the substations, the routing process and the load-control strategy of the substation-level protection communication system, the information transmission strategy of the communication system between the substation and the ISDIC, and the verification scheme of the communication strategy of the protection and control systems. The achievement of this project will establish a theoretical foundation for the conversion of the integration of secondary system study, from conceptual exploration to basic application research, which has not only important research significance, but also broad application prospects.

随着分布式电源、储能装置和电动汽车的接入，城市变电站占地受制和配电网保护控制性能不足严重影响了未来配电网的发展。将分布在多个变电站内的二次系统集中于第三方场所，形成独立二次一体化中心，这是实现变电站紧凑化和提升配网保护控制性能的理想解决方案。基于该中心植入后提升区域电网的控制保护功能对变电站站内以及站与中心间通信的差异化需求，本项目需要解决保护形态变迁后站内保护级通信的可靠性和实时性，站与中心间实现远方双重化/应急保护，中心管辖区域实现配网无功电压全局优化控制对通信架构与信息传输提出的系列问题。具体研究内容包括：独立二次一体化中心最优选址及站内/站间差异化通信架构、站域保护通信系统路由选择与载荷控制策略、站-中心间通信系统信息传输策略、面向保护控制的通信策略测试验证方案等。项目研究成果将为二次系统一体化从概念探索向应用基础研究转化奠定通信方面的理论基础，具有重要的研究意义和广阔的应用前景。

随着分布式电源、储能模块和电动汽车的接入，区域电网形成了更为复杂的结构，而目前城市配电网面临的保护性能不足和变电站面积过大等问题，严重制约着未来电网的发展。基于党中央“双碳目标”的战略安排，各地开展了变电站形态和功能的集约化升级，提出了变电站紧凑化和提升配网保护控制性能的理想解决方案，即将分布在多个变电站内的二次系统集中形成二次一体化中心，而对变电站站间及站与中心间通信的差异化提出了新的要求，解决这些问题是本项目研究的关键。本项目围绕独立二次一体化中心接入后带来的电力系统通信适应性问题，对该中心及其关联系统的通信需求、通信架构及其实现方法和通信系统优化运行技术展开研究，主要包括以下内容：（1）在考虑信息时延、居民影响以及临近负荷分布等条件约束下，对市区的待选变电站进行选址建模，解决了区域电网二次一体化保护中心的最优选址问题，完成了站-中心保护通信系统的组网；（2）立足于变电站站间、站与中心间通信的可靠性和实时性，提出了可以更好反映链路状态的通信路由策略；（3）针对不同电力业务的通信需求，融合网络节点重要度及其电力背景信息，提出了计及节点重要度的知识型路由算法，引导电力背景信息参与优化路由，实现了高效快速的差异化QoS供给，并予以业务一定的路径备用，提升了路由策略的稳定性可靠性；（4）针对电力系统内通信模块数量激增、多能源协同调度及供销双向互动带来的信息流量爆炸式增长，提出了基于信息优先级的缓存替换快速转发策略，提高了二次一体化中心及站间通信网络的抗拥塞能力。