城市智能配电网保护与自愈控制关键技术

The protection and control of the urban power distribution network has encountered great challenges from many areas, including the large-scale access of distributed generation, the popularity of electric vehicles, the construction of urban rail transportation and the increase of controllable loads. The objective of this project is to address the issue of safe and stable operation for urban intelligent distribution network with random fluctuation flexible power sources and loads, which include: 1) to propose the new protection principle of intelligent distribution network, so as to reveal the dynamic characteristics of fault voltage/current under intensely-fluctuating power and strong random loads, and achieve effective detection for minor failures as well as information extraction and quantification; 2) to present the active protection methods for intelligent distribution equipments, so as to reveal the evolution pattern of the performance of distribution equipments, and realize timely and effective warning for early and potential equipment failures; 3) to examine the key technology of wide-area protection for chain failures in the intelligent distribution network, so as to propose new principles of station protection suitable for the network with access of random fluctuation flexible power sources and loads, and construct the wide-area protection scheme for multi-level system chain failures; 4) to research self-healing control methods for the intelligent distribution network with random fluctuation flexible power sources and loads, so as to achieve robust control, recovery control and optimal control. This project, based on the timing of fault occurrence, elaborates the failure characteristics, propagation characteristics and evolution mechanisms in detail and puts forward the corresponding measures for early warning, suppression, protection and restoration. It has great significance to ensure the safe, reliable, stable and efficient operation of urban intelligent distribution network.

分布式电源的大规模接入、电动汽车的普及、城轨交通的建设以及可控负荷的增多，给城市配电网保护与控制带来了极大挑战。本项目旨在从系统角度解决含随机波动柔性源/荷的城市智能配电网的安全稳定运行问题，揭示强波动电源和强随机负载等场景下的故障电压电流的动态特性，实现微弱故障检测及信息提取量化，研究智能配电网保护新方法；研究城市智能配电网设备主动保护方法，揭示配电网设备服役性能演变规律，实现对设备的早期、潜在故障及时有效预警；研究智能配电网系统连锁故障广域保护关键技术，提出适用于随机波动柔性源/荷接入的站域保护新原理，构建多层次系统连锁故障广域保护方案；研究面向含随机波动柔性源/荷的智能配电网自愈控制方法，实现健壮控制、恢复控制和优化控制。项目以故障发生时序为基准，阐明故障特征、传播特性、演化机理，提出预警、抑制、保护及恢复措施，对保障城市智能配电网安全可靠、稳定高效运行具有重要意义。

分布式电源的大规模接入、电动汽车的普及、城轨交通的建设以及可控负荷的增多，给城市电网保护与控制带来了极大挑战。本项目围绕城市电网故障、保护与自愈展开研究，主要研究内容包括：通过建立含随机波动柔性源/荷的城市电网故障模型，提出了含随机波动柔性源/荷的城市电网故障特性分析方法，开发了城市电网高频同步故障信息采集与实验系统。提出了基于暂态信息量的单相接地故障综合处理技术方案，发明了适应不同拓扑结构的差动保护和利用串联电抗器的全线速断保护原理，研发了一二次成套限流保护和自适应重合闸装备。通过构建多维度、多层级的城市电网主变健康指标体系，提出了基于自适应分流的城市主变主动保护策略，研发了首套含大规模电气化交通负荷的城市电网主变健康诊断与主动保护决策平台。揭示了含随机波动源/荷的城市电网连锁故障发展演化机理，提出了基于动态潮流及事故链的连锁故障模拟方法，开发了新形态城市电网连锁故障与自愈仿真及实验平台。项目发明的单相接地处理技术已成功应用于四川、陕西、湖南、北京、山东等地，为城市电网单相接地故障检测与处理提供了可靠的支持，显著提高了单相接地故障处理水平。项目研发的城市电网主变健康诊断与主动保护试验平台，在深圳、贵州等得到推广应用，对城市电网主变的安全运行提供了保障。项目组以故障发生时序为基准，在传统电网故障诊断、保护方法的基础上，充分考虑柔性源/荷波动出力、源荷二象性及系统复杂程度，对城市电网故障特性及演化机理进行了系统的研究，进一步地对故障处理、线路保护、关键设备（主变）健康诊断、城市电网连锁故障及自愈控制进行了系统研究，对保障城市电网安全可靠、稳定高效运行具有重要指导意义。