基于生态高效修复的黄土沟壑区建筑绿色营建及系统设计方法研究

As the holyland of the Chinese and revolution,the area of ravine of the loess plateau is troubled by soil erosion and environmental deterioration.the cities is difficult in harmony with nature.Around the key issue of green construction in typical unit of area of ravine of loess plateau，in the view of interdisciplinarity and technology integration, this study clarify The relationship between Water, soil, atmosphere, biology and architecture in typical geomorphic unit,analyze systematically types and characteristics, and value the problems and role of elements such as Architectural space,place,structure ,transportation and so on,which be helpful to restoration-ecology. Accordingly, systematical planning strategy and method for preventing soil erosion and restoring ecology are proposed.Theory and method of green construction for buildings with function of restoration ecology were founded. Some demonstration examples are set on restoration ecology with the theory and methods of green construction to systematically improve the effect of sustainable land-use and co-exist with nature.We try such theory and methods with multidiscipline integration technique to relax the tension contradiction between human and land.Conclusively,it not only provided thoughts of co-developing among economic, social,ecology and culture, but also theory and demonstration for putting into implement of Chinese characteristics urbanization'.

黄土沟壑区作为民族与革命圣地，曾因过渡垦殖而水土流失，又因能源开发而环境恶化，为了突破该地区人居-生态难于协调发展的怪圈，课题以黄土沟壑区典型地貌单元中绿色营建为研究对象，围绕完善建筑绿色营建体系的生态修复功能这一关键问题，从建筑学、修复生态学科交叉与技术集成的视角，厘清典型地貌单元中水-土-大气-生物-建筑等要素的类型、特点和相互关系与存在问题，分类解析并评估建筑空间、场地、结构、交通等不同要素在生态修复方面的作用，从而构建具有生态修复功能的绿色营建评估体系，建立复合高效地保持水土、修复生态的建筑理论与系统性设计方法，并应用于典型案例，以验证并完善该理论与方法在地貌单元生态修复、土地永续利用的效果。黄土沟壑区生态修复型绿色营建理论及系统性设计方法的构建与应用推动了绿色营建理论的系统性、完整性和科学性，为实现经济-社会-生态-文化协同发展美丽中国的战略目标提供思路、建筑理论支撑与项目示范。

营建问题是建筑学科的普遍问题，其中绿色营建旨在改善营建活动最终效果，研究营建活动对自然环境的扰动及负面影响最小化的方法。国内外对这类问题的研究很重视，我们针对绿色营建问题的研究首先从调查挖掘国内外对自然环境产生积极作用的营建活动入手，分析不同营建活动对环境产生积极影响的程度，筛选出对脆弱生态环境具有修复能力的营建理论、方法、手段及措施，并加以系统总结，获得了一些研究成果。其次，对有助于黄土沟壑区生态修复理论，结合其在规划、建筑、景观及管理各阶段中应用的生态改善效果的分析，着重从建筑各构成要素的材料、形式及施工方式等对环境要素中水、土及空气等产生积极影响的条件和作用规律，建立了测评营建活动环境影响的评价指标体系，从而对营建活动的现场监测提供了依据。该评价体系比原有的评价体系更加全面和精准；再次，通过建立有助于生态修复的绿色营建系统性设计方法，对研究成果在黄土沟壑区这一生态脆弱地区的应用，高效改善建筑立地环境的适宜性及生态群落的方法进行总结，完成成果包括专著、论文、专利等，指导示范区的建设实践，得到有关部门的广泛认可。