氧化石墨烯基材料吸附稀土元素的分离富集机理研究

Rare earth is an important strategic resource for the development of modern technology, but separation technology is difficult and has the risk of environmental pollution. With a high specific surface area and abundant oxygen functional groups, graphene oxide shows the good adsorption character to heavy metal environmental polutants, and it has the bright future to become a novel rare earth separation material. However, owing to unaware of the separation and enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements by graphene oxide, the ideal graphene oxide for separation and enrichment of rare earth elements have not been developed. Based on the above reasons, we propose the latter works from two aspects: one is controlling the redox conditions to fabricate specific graphene oxide; the other is using condensation reactions to modify the graphene oxide surface specifically. The new materials are tested by a variety of methods, and the results are expected to illustrate the critical characters which influence the separation and enrichment behavior. Finally, the graphene oxide with good performance of separation and enrichment of rare earth elements will be obtained to meet the national strategic demands.

稀土是当代科技发展的重要战略资源，但分离困难，现有分离技术存在一定环境污染风险。前期研究中，我们发现氧化石墨烯具有高的比表面积和丰富的含氧官能团，对重金属环境污染物具有很好的吸附性能，是新型稀土分离材料的开发方向。但由于对氧化石墨烯分离富集稀土离子的机理认识不清，至今没有开发出理想的氧化石墨烯吸附稀土元素的分离富集材料。基于以上原因，在已有研究基础上，1我们将采用控制氧化还原条件来制备特定氧化程度的石墨烯，改变尺寸、提高比表面，从而增强材料的吸附能力；2是采用缩合法对氧化石墨烯的表面进行特异性修饰，优化材料结构提高材料的吸附能力。通过多种技术对合成的新材料进行测试，以期得到影响稀土分离富集行为的关键因素，探索氧化石墨烯作为稀土元素高效吸附剂的可行性。同时，以机理研究作为指导来获取性能更为优异的稀土元素的分离富集氧化石墨烯基材料，满足国家现有的重要战略需求。