匹配退耕还林的陕北乡村新型聚居模式与规划方法研究

The research faces the majority rural areas that are ravines and gullies criss-cross and has water loss and soil erosion in northern Shaanxi and adapts to the rapid trend of "the priority of ecological safety, returning the grain plots to forestry fast, the intensification of decentralized rural areas". Based on the region's village settlement current situation, there emerges a serious conflict between "traditional agriculture-based settlement spatial patterns" and "returning the grain plots to forestry modern agriculture mode of production". In the light of a series of contradictions, such as, the dislocation between production and living, disordered relocation, inefficient modern industry transformation and the ecological purification blocked, through using the theory of urban planning, agronomy, economics and following the basic principles of agricultural industry determining the spatial pattern of rural settlements, this paper puts forward the concept of "new basic settlement unit" in associated with that of "returning the grain plots to forestry" in northern Shaanxi rural areas. In order to structure the new spatial pattern of rural settlements after returning the grain plots to forestry in northern Shaanxi, this paper teasing out the collaborative mechanism of the integration development of "ecology -production-life" in this rural district, developing the quantitative calculation principle of population scale, industrial scale and spatial scale of new basic settlement unit and spatial matching method between new spatial pattern of rural settlements and modern agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry in northern Shaanxi. Through discussing its planning measures and procedures, expecting to promote the compiling technique to gully hilly rural area facing the fact of returning the grain plots to forestry.

本项目面向沟壑纵横、水土流失严重的陕北乡村地区，适应该地区“生态安全首要化、退耕还林快速化、传统农业林业化、分散乡村集约化”等急剧发展态势，基于该地区乡村聚落现状“传统农业型聚居空间模式”与“退耕还林型现代农业生产方式”的严重冲突，针对该地区乡村聚落“生产生活错位、移民搬迁无序、现代转型低效、生态净化受阻”等一系列矛盾问题，综合运用城乡规划学、农学、经济学等学科理论，遵循农业生产方式决定乡村聚居空间模式的基本原理，提出匹配退耕还林的陕北乡村“新型基本聚居单元”概念，梳理该地区乡村“生态—生产—生活”一体化发展的协同机制，研发陕北乡村新型基本聚居单元的人口规模、产业规模与空间规模的量化测算原理与方法，研发陕北乡村聚居模式与现代农林牧业的空间匹配方法，构建退耕还林后陕北乡村新型聚居空间发展模式，探讨其规划设计的体系、程序和办法，促进黄土沟壑区退耕还林型乡村规划编制技术水平提升。

论文聚焦沟壑纵横、水土流失严重的陕北乡村地区，在“生态安全首要化、退耕还林快速化、传统农业林业化、农业生产现代化、分散乡村集约化”等区域发展态势下，原有适应传统梯田小农生产方式的乡村聚居空间格局难以为继，而现有乡村规划理论与方法未能充分考虑“农业生产方式决定乡村聚居空间模式”这一客观规律，导致乡村居民点的规模测算与空间布局缺乏科学、可行的方法指导，现实发展中“生产生活空间错位、移民搬迁无序、乡村现代化转型低效、生态恢复与净化受阻”等问题日益凸显。故本研究面向乡村发展相对稳态的远期现代化阶段，综合运用城乡规划学、农学、经济学、地理学等学科理论，梳理该地区乡村“生态—生活—生活”一体协同机制，提出匹配退耕还林后地区“现代农林牧业+”生产方式的陕北地区乡村基本聚居单元概念，研讨乡村基本聚居单元的空间规模、人口规模测算方法，进而完整构建该地区现代乡村聚居空间体系结构和空间形态模式，建立现代乡村聚居空间适应性指标体系，探讨乡村基本聚居单元的空间布局方法，以丰富地域性乡村规划理论与方法，促进该地区乡村规划编制技术水平提升。