路网特征对出行方式选择的影响机理及面向公交导向的大城市路网优化配置研究

Auto-oriented road network planning pattern is one of the most important reasons of traffic jam in big cities in China. And more and more developed countries obey transit-oriented development in urban planning obviously. So pattern transformation of road network planning and built environment in Urban China is required urgently. Just based on the above objective and orientation, this project aims to do some research work related to trip behavior and road network optimization using Behavioral Geographic method. Firstly, evolution progress of urban road network layout and structure in China and western countries is analyzed to find key road network features which are the determination factors of adaptability between road network and different transport modes. Secondly, respectively from macro and micro viewpoints, three major road network features including layout, density and hierarchy are to studied in terms of their impacts on trip mode choice according to residential trip behavior data in Nanjing. And then, the focus of research is on feedback modeling of road network features based on trip behavior research, furthermore on road network optimization method in different kinds of space scale and land use, and on assistant decision-making methods which are to evaluate and promote road network optimization plan. This project will deepen the understanding of relationship between trip behavior and road network features and built environment,discover the pattern transformation route of road network planning and facilitate urban transport sustainable development.

当前国内逐渐认识到大城市交通拥堵的重要病因之一在于小汽车导向的路网规划模式，与此同时西方国家已越来越关注并遵循公交导向的规划与发展方式，因此国内迫切需要路网规划模式及建成环境向公交导向的转型。正是基于这一问题导向，本课题将借鉴行为地理学方法开展出行行为分析，并面向公交导向研究路网及建成环境问题。首先，分析中西方城市路网布局结构的演变历程，探寻决定路网与不同交通方式适应性的路网关键特征要素。其次，分别从宏观和微观入手，基于南京市居民出行调查数据，研究路网布局形态、道路密度和道路等级等特征要素及土地利用、公交系统等建成环境对出行方式选择行为的影响机理。然后，构建引导公交增量出行对路网特征及建成环境的反馈模型，进而研究不同空间尺度和用地下面向公交导向的路网优化配置方法。研究成果将深化对出行行为及其与路网特征、建成环境关系的理解、探索和引导路网规划模式和土地利用的规划设计转型，并促进城市交通的可持续发展。

本课题基于公交导向的规划理念，较为系统的研究了城市道路网结构体系问题，并试图通过理论研究与应用实践扭转当前的"路网规划"目标理念向"路权规划"的转变。研究中综合运用了城乡规划学、交通工程学、行为心理学、运筹学、比较学等的理论方法。首先，详细剖析路网结构/街道模式的概念、内涵及其特征要素；其次，系统回顾分析了中西方城市路网结构体系/街道模式的演进历程及各时期道路网特征与出行方式的相关关系；然后，基于南京市居民出行方式选择行为数据和建成环境数据，定量研究路网特征要素(包括道路宽度、路网密度等)对出行方式选择行为的影响机制；接下来，则以出行方式作为道路功能和等级划分的依据，着重研究公共交通优先发展下的城市道路分级方法并重构道路等级体系；最后，给出依据上述研究成果的规划设计案例。.本课题系国内目前较早开展公交导向的路网结构体系研究的课题之一。研究中系统的梳理了中西方城市路网结构/街道模式与出行行为相关性的演进，在国际上较早的剖析路网特征这一建成环境中并不为重点关注的影响因子对出行行为的影响机理，适应国内外环境提出的全新城市道路等级体系有助于国内进一步修编相关规范规程。通过本课题的研究，一方面提升了课题负责人及团队的科研实力，同时丰富了道路网规划理论方法，并有助于更好的构建公交都市。