有限元法求解颅脑损伤机制及生物力学阈值量化研究

The studies of head injury mechanisms and injury biomechanics are relatively less explored and the head injury mechanisms are significantly difficult to be determined by biomechanical quantitive analysis in forensic practice. Furthermore, it is of great significance to develop a new technology to explore mechanisms of head injuries and injury manners. Finally, to explain how the injury occurred in forensic practice. The project is based on our preliminary studies on the human finite element (FE) model and collision biomechanical studies. The Chinese human head FE model will be established using CT and MRI radiological data based on forensic cases due to complexity and specificity of head structure. The relative FE model parameter database will also be established. The blunt injuries including tool injuries, tumble and fall injuries will be stimulated and the stress and strain changes of injuries will be analyzed to determine relationships between injury results (position, degree, pattern and manner) and injury causes (collision speed, force direction and force transmission, etc.). The head injury degree will be quantified using biomechanical parameters and the head injury process will be reconstructed by the view of force-deformation-injury. The Chinese head FE model and parameter database will be established and applied in the forensic practices to provide biomechanical evidences.

颅脑损伤致伤机制及损伤生物力学响应研究相对滞后，鉴定技术单一，专家经验有时难以科学印证。本研究基于前期有限元法构模及碰撞生物力学研究的基础，针对颅脑结构的复杂性和特殊性，通过真实颅脑损伤案例总结损伤特点，利用CT、MRI等虚拟解剖技术及有限元法构建适合中国人体特征的颅脑损伤模型并建立模型参数库。在此基础上，通过大量实验样本分析，结合响应面法，反复迭代计算，模拟钝性物体打击、摔跌、高坠等状态下颅脑损伤部位的应变、应力等变化趋势，以期阐明损伤部位、损伤程度、损伤形态与致伤方式、碰撞速度、作用力方向、力的传导等之间的关系，并应用生物力学指标量化颅脑损伤程度，从受力-形变-损伤的角度重建损伤过程，以弥补传统尸体解剖、虚拟解剖及多刚体仿真等在损伤机制解释中的不足。最终建立具有中国人体特征的颅脑模型及参数库，并应用于法医鉴定实践，科学地解释复杂疑难颅脑损伤案例的致伤机制，为鉴定提供客观的生物力学证据。

颅脑损伤致伤机制及损伤生物力学响应研究相对滞后，鉴定技术单一，专家经验有时难以科学印证。本研究基于前期有限元法构模及碰撞生物力学研究的基础，针对颅脑结构的复杂性和特殊性，利用CT、MRI等虚拟解剖技术及有限元法构建了适合中国人体特征的颅脑损伤模型并建立模型参数库。在此基础上，通过大量实验样本分析，结合响应面法，反复迭代计算，模拟了钝性物体打击、摔跌、高坠等状态下颅脑损伤部位的应变、应力等变化趋势，趋向真实地阐明了损伤部位、损伤程度、损伤形态与致伤方式、碰撞速度、作用力方向、力的传导等之间的关系，并应用生物力学指标量化颅脑损伤程度，从受力-形变-损伤的角度重建损伤过程，弥补了传统尸体解剖、虚拟解剖及多刚体仿真等在损伤机制解释中的不足。最终建立了具有中国人体特征的颅脑模型及参数库，并应用于法医鉴定实践，科学地解释复杂疑难颅脑损伤案例的致伤机制，为鉴定提供客观的生物力学证据。