基于后验分析的风电叶片雷击损伤特性研究

Damage of wind turbine blades due to lightning strikes is related to interdiscipline of electrical-thermal-mechanical physics, which makes it hard to conduct a direct study. The mechanism of lightning damage could be investigated indirectly by studying the lightning damage characteristics and damage models based on backtesting analysis. The main contents of the investigation are focused on 1) damage characterization of wind turbine blades subjected to lightning strikes, 2) influence factors of lightning strike damage of wind turbine blades and 3) mathematical models of damage characteristics of wind turbine blades due to lightning strikes. Firstly, wind turbine blades under lightning strikes on wind farms will be observed and measured to determine the types and characterization parameters of the damage. Secondly, experiments of wind turbine blade tip under artificial lightning will be conducted to examine the damage type. The probability distribution of the lightning strike attachment points and influence of lightning parameters will be analyzed. Thirdly, samples of characteristic positions of wind turbine blades will be tested under artificial lightning to investigate the influence of lightning parameters and blade properties. The qualitative and quantitative relations between the damage and influence parameters will be analyzed. Finally, based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, damage description models and damage mathematical models due to lightning strikes will be set up. Correlation analysis will be conducted for influence factors and damage characterization parameters. The cause and process of the lightning strike damage will be studied. This investigation is aimed to 1) clarify the damage types and damage characterization parameters of wind turbine blades subjected to lightning strikes on multiscale levels, 2) reveal the influence factors of the lightning strike damage and their relations and 3) establish mathematical models of wind turbine blade damage due to lightning strikes and reveal the damage mechanism based on background of interdiscipline. The outcomes of this investigation are expected to provide scientific support for reliability estimation of wind turbine blades involving lightning strike damage and improvement of wind turbine lightning protection system.

风电叶片雷击损伤过程涉及电-热-机多学科交叉问题，较难直接研究。基于后验分析研究雷击损伤特性和损伤模型，可间接探索雷击损伤机理。拟研究：1）风电叶片雷击损伤特性表征；2）风电叶片雷击损伤影响因素；3）风电叶片雷击损伤数学模型。首先观测风场雷击叶片，确定损伤类型及表征参数；其次，实验室模拟雷击进行叶尖雷击实验，分析雷击接闪位置概率分布，明确损伤类型，分析雷击参数影响；再次，进行叶片特征样件雷击实验，考察雷击参数及叶片参数影响，分析其与损伤参数定性定量关系；最后，基于实验结果与理论分析，建立雷击损伤表征模型与数学模型，进行相关性分析，并分析损伤原因及过程。拟达目标：从多尺度水平辨明雷击损伤模式及表征参数；揭示损伤影响因素及其相互关系；建立风电叶片雷击损伤模型，基于多学科交叉背景，从多场耦合角度探索雷击损伤机理。研究结果将为涵盖雷击损伤评估的风电叶片可靠性评估方法和防雷系统优化提供科学依据。

风电叶片雷击损伤过程涉及电-热-机多学科交叉问题，较难直接研究。基于后验分析研究雷击损伤特性和损伤模型，可间接探索雷击损伤机理。本项目开展了：1）风电叶片雷击损伤特性表征；2）风电叶片雷击损伤影响因素；3）风电叶片雷击损伤数学模型。首先观测风场雷击叶片，确定损伤类型及表征参数；其次，实验室模拟雷击进行叶尖雷击实验，分析雷击接闪位置概率分布，明确损伤类型，分析雷击参数影响；再次，进行叶片特征样件雷击实验，考察雷击参数及叶片参数影响，分析了其与损伤参数定性定量关系；最后，基于实验结果与理论分析，建立雷击损伤表征模型与数学模型，进行相关性分析，并分析损伤原因及过程。达到目标：从多尺度水平辨明雷击损伤模式及表征参数；揭示了损伤影响因素及其相互关系；建立了风电叶片雷击损伤模型，基于多学科交叉背景，从多场耦合角度探索雷击损伤机理出发。研究结果为涵盖雷击损伤评估的风电叶片可靠性评估方法和防雷系统优化提供了科学依据。