海洋定点式湍流混合观测仪的技术研究和应用

At present, instruments that measured marine turbulent mixing at home and abroad are vertical and horizontal microstructure profiler. Their advantage is that turbulent mixing can be observed in space scale. But they cannot observe the turbulent mixing in time scale. However, long-term and continuous observation of turbulence is the trend of development in the study of the multi-scale dynamic process, and especially is necessary to study extrem oceanic phenomena of solitary and typhoon et.al in the ocean. Ocean mixing and its parameterization are essential to study the complex multi-scale dynamic process of marine and improve its forecasting ability. Under the drive of this scientific issue, study and application of the technology that observes the turbulent parameters for a long time are very important. This project proposes to carry out the study of "ocean fixed point turbulent mixing instrumemnt". It will be broadly applied to the measurement of the turbulent structure of the ocean. It is currently one of the most effective methods to observe the turbulence and mixing in extreme marine conditions. The thermal dissipation rate, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, thermal diffusivity, and eddy diffusion coefficient of ocean turbulence can be calculated by data processing. This technology will provide a new turbulence observation technique for physical oceanographers and promote the study of the complex dynamic process of the physical ocean.

目前国内外海洋湍流观测仪主要是垂向和水平剖面观测仪，其优点是可以观测空间尺度的湍流，其缺点是不能对时间尺度的湍流进行观测。而研究海洋多时空尺度的动力过程和内孤立波、台风等极端海洋动力过程，长期、连续的湍流观测是发展趋势。研究海洋多种时空尺度的复杂动力过程及提高其预报能力，海洋混合及其参数化是关键。在此科学问题的驱动下，能够长时间观测海洋湍流参数的技术研究和应用非常重要。本项目拟开展“海洋定点式湍流混合观测仪” 研究，它将被广泛应用于海洋湍流结构测量，它是目前观测极端海洋条件下海洋湍流和海洋内部混合最有效的方法之一，通过数据处理可以计算海洋湍流在惯性子区的热耗散率、湍动能耗散率、热扩散系数和涡扩散系数。这项技术将为物理海洋学家提供一个全新的湍流观测技术，促进物理海洋复杂动力过程研究。

本项目完成了“海洋定点式湍流混合观测仪” 的研究，可以同时同点测量流速和温度，应用于海洋湍流参数测量。海洋定点式湍流混合观测仪通过集成在潜标上，实现了在极端海洋条件下（孤立波）出现时，海洋湍流混合的观测，通过数据处理可以计算孤立波出现时海洋湍流的混合参数增强了两个数量级。这项技术为物理海洋学家提供了一个全新的湍流观测技术，促进物理海洋复杂动力过程的进一步研究。另外，本项目进行了海洋湍流的科学研究：观测研究了水下热通量与潮的相关性；对南海温度及湍流耗散的垂向多层结构的研究；观测研究了南海北部湍流耗散的垂向输运对叶绿素a的影响；赤道西太平洋的垂向水团结构及其混合研究；湍流参数化研究 ；在南海西沙研究了大尺度ENSO对内潮的影响。项目已资助发表论文7篇（SCI收录7篇），包括Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans论文3篇、Journal of Physical Oceanography论文1篇，获得授权国家专利1项，软件著作权1项。