综掘面粉尘运移规律及风幕控尘机理研究

For this project ,we treat the dry-type dust collecting measure in full-mechanized roadway as the starting point,and block the dust in front of the air curtain during tunnelling with the air curtain dust collecting and cleaning system.And we use the drawer-type hair dryer to draw out and clean the dust,reduce the dust concentration of the working face and reduce the damage of the spirable dust to the workers who are at driving face.Trough testing the dust concentration of driving face,processing data,numerical simulation,analysing the production,distribution and migration laws of dust of driving face,this paper puts forward a scheme that use air curtain to collect dust,dust removal air blower to extract dust and design an air curtain dust collecting and cleaning system.To ensure that the system can be brought into full use to collect dust and dedust,this project will carry on a research about the mechanism of dust control via air curtain.The study includes the formation conditions of the air curtain,the law of the air velocity distribution of the planar jet,the effectiveness of dust collection via air curtain,the numerical simulation of gas-particle flow and so on.Besides,we also carry out laboratory experiments,ground industrial tests ,underground application to test and verify and conduct the fundamental research to extend the air curtain dust control technology.This project will finally get the temporal and spatial distribution and the migration law of dust（total dust and respirable dust）at full mechanized mine roadway heading hace.It will reveal the mechanism of dust control via air curtain,get conditions and parameters to form an effective air curtain by plane jet and design a air curtain dust collecting and cleaning system to provide a theoretical basis and technical reserves for the corresponding product development.

本项目针对综掘巷道以干式集尘为出发点，采用风幕集尘除尘系统将掘进时产生的粉尘封在风幕前，并通过抽出式风筒将尘抽出净化，降低工作面粉尘浓度，减少呼吸性粉尘对掘进人员伤害。通过对综掘面粉尘浓度的测试、数据处理、及数值模拟，分析综掘面粉尘产生、分布及运移规律，提出利用风幕集尘、除尘风机除尘的综掘面粉尘治理方案，设计风幕集尘除尘系统。为确保该系统能够充分发挥集尘除尘作用，本项目要进行风幕控尘机理研究，包括进行风幕形成条件、平面射流风速分布规律、风幕集尘有效性、气固两相流数值模拟等研究，并进行实验室试验、地面工业试验、井下应用等各环节验证，为风幕控尘技术的推广应用进行基础理论研究。项目将最终得出综掘面粉尘（全尘和呼吸性粉尘）沿空间和时间分布及运移规律；揭示风幕控尘机理；得出平面射流形成有效风幕的条件及参数；设计一套风幕集尘除尘系统，为相应的产品研制提供理论依据和技术储备。

随着矿井采掘机械化程度不断提高，煤矿尘害问题日益严重。煤尘不仅危害作业人员身体健康，引起尘肺病，还可能引起爆炸事故，酿成矿井重大灾害。本项目在国内外粉尘防治理论及技术研究的基础上，以干式集尘为出发点，分析了综掘面粉尘的产生、分布及运移等规律。提出采用风幕集尘除尘装置与抽出式风筒抽尘净化相结合的综掘面粉尘防治新方法。创造性设计了用以形成风幕的射流箱，构建了风幕集尘除尘系统。对风幕射流装置进行改进并设计综掘面风幕控尘试验平台。通过理论分析、气固两相流及风流流场数学模型建立、数值模拟、实验室测试、现场试验和井下实际应用等多种手段，论证了风幕集尘除尘系统对综掘面粉尘尤其对呼吸性粉尘的控制效果。证明了风幕装置对降低综掘面粉尘浓度，尤其是减少呼吸性粉尘向司机处扩散作用显著，具有较强实用价值。利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT软件对风幕控尘进行数值模拟，同时分析风幕集尘除尘装置、压入式与抽出式风流的流场特性，论证了风幕装置的集尘除尘机理，为现场实际应用提供理论依据。试验分析结果证明研制的风幕集尘射流装置具有阻力较小、可实现多级、多段调节、能控制射流方向与风速大小等优点，适合于不同断面的综掘面控尘。随着人们对职业安全和劳动保护意识不断增强，本项目风幕集尘除尘系统装置研究成果具有重大安全经济意义，具有广泛的推广应用价值。