冲击波荷载作用下组合壳结构动力响应模型实验研究

Under the background of war and terrorist attacks, nuclear power plant and large oil storage tank as important building objectives receive the serious explosion threat. It will bring serious consequence such as radioactive materials release and gas explosion once these building structure are destroyed by blast wave. For both cases of containment or oil storage tank as conjugation of cylindrical and spherical shells and composite shell with external protecting wall, this project aims to research load distribution, dynamic response, deformation law and failure characteristics of such structure under blast wave attack and analysis the protecting efficiency of reinforced concrete protecting wall and external mediums to such structure by experimental method. By means of derivation of theoretical analysis, the structure surface load diagrams and relations will be derived, and the computational method of structural dynamic response based on simplified model will be obtained. The obtained conclusions will be validated by numerical simulation. The projective research results can supply theory foundation and technological support for blast resistant design, damage characteristic and protection strengthen of nuclear power plant containment and large oil storage tank, which has important theoretical, practical application significance and social significance.

在当前战争和恐怖袭击条件下，核电站、大型储油罐作为重要建筑目标愈加面临着爆炸打击的威胁，此类结构一经破坏必将带来放射性物质泄漏、引发大规模爆炸等严重后果。本项目拟针对外部带防护墙的组合壳结构，考虑结构安置于地面和埋入沙土两种情况，运用实验研究外部爆炸冲击波作用下结构表面荷载分布、结构动力响应、变形规律及破坏特征，分析防护墙和外部介质对结构抗爆效能；结合理论分析推导可广泛应用于此类结构动力计算的简化荷载曲线图及关系式，运用简化模型建立结构动力响应的计算方法，并通过数值模拟验证实验和理论研究的结论。为核安全壳、大型储油罐的抗爆安全设计、爆炸毁伤预测和结构防护加固提供理论基础和技术支持，具有重要的工程实际意义和社会意义。

当前核反应堆安全壳、大型储油罐等地面目标面临的爆炸威胁十分严峻，其破坏后势必造成放射性物质泄漏、大规模爆炸等严重后果。现有结构抗爆设计主要针对国防、人防工程构件和独立结构方面，对柱壳类空间结构整体的爆炸实验研究不多，也缺少系统的工程抗爆计算方法。本项目对外部带防护墙的组合壳结构型式开展缩比模型爆炸实验，分析此类结构冲击波荷载分布规律及结构整体振动特性；结合大量文献研究成果，给出了核爆条件下柱壳结构表面冲击波荷载和净水平荷载的确定方法，基于实验数据和相关文献，提出了适用于化爆条件下柱壳表面冲击波荷载的计算公式；针对带球形顶盖圆柱壳组合结构，基于弹性薄壳理论，运用相同边界梁振型函数近似柱壳振型轴向分布，考虑长径比和顶盖影响，提出爆炸荷载作用下柱壳结构动力响应简化计算方法；基于单自由度等效体系和理想弹塑性模型，在传统能量法基础上考虑结构阻尼影响，提出评估结构爆炸毁伤效应的超压-冲量曲线简化计算公式，分析延性比和阻尼比对超压—冲量曲线的影响。相关研究内容发表学术论文5篇，培养1名研究生取得硕士学位；研究成果可为地面直立组合圆柱壳结构的抗爆计算、爆炸毁伤评估和防护加固提供理论参考和技术支持，具有重要的工程实际意义。