纺织品数码印花蓝光固化墨水体系的基础研究

Substituting pigment ink for dye ink in digital printing technology is an effective way to solve the problems in textile digital inkjet printing, such as poor adaptability to fabrics, water and energy consumption, and pollution emissions in printing aftertreatment. However, pigment ink suffered from nozzle clogging problems, which have been hindering the realization of above way. In this project,a new train of thoughts was proposed to resolve the above problems, including the following two revolusionary changes. Firstly, monomers and oligomers will be used in the new pigment ink system to replace the polymeric binders used in a conventional pigment ink system, in oreder to conque the nozzle clogging problem; Secondary, blue light curing technology will be introduced to initiate the polymerization of the monomers and oligomers printed on the fabric in situ to form a polymer film, so that to achieve an expected colour fastness and omit the water consumption, energy consumption and pollution emissions occured in conventional printing aftertreatments. To achieve this goal, it is neccssary to do further systematically study in fundamental chemistry and application chemistry related to blue light induced polymerization and curing of ink systems, mainly including the compositions of blue light curable ink system, the compatibility between the colorants and blue light induced polymerization system, the reaction mechanisms of blue light initiated polymerization and the principles of cured film performance regulation, the model of the relationships between the chemical composions of blue light curable ink system and the inkjet performance and the printing quality, so that to provide a theoritical guide for preparation and application of blue light curable ink system for textile digital inkjet printing.

用涂料墨水替代染料墨水是解决纺织品数码印花技术对织物适应性低、后处理耗水耗能和废水排放问题的有效途径。但涂料墨水存在易堵塞喷嘴的缺点，使得上述途径的实现面临障碍。本项目提出解决上述难题的全新思路：用单体和低聚体代替常规涂料墨水体系中的高分子粘合剂，克服墨水过早成膜堵塞喷嘴的问题；应用蓝光引发聚合技术，使喷印至织物表面的单体和低聚体在原位聚合形成粘合剂大分子固化膜，由此获得所需色牢度并省略耗能耗水并排污的后道加工工序。为达此目标，拟对喷墨印花涂料墨水蓝光引发聚合固化的相关化学基础和应用化学基础理论问题进行系统和深入的研究，包括：确定蓝光引发聚合固化体系的优化构成、研究蓝光引发聚合固化体系与着色剂体系的相容性、揭示蓝光聚合固化反应机理和固化色膜性能调控原理、建立蓝光固化墨水体系与墨水喷印性能和印制效果相关性的理论模型，为研制和应用适用于纺织品的蓝光固化数码喷印涂料墨水提供理论指导。

本项目将蓝光固化技术与纺织品颜料数码印花技术相结合，以低聚物和单体替代常规颜料墨水体系中的高分子粘合剂，以保证光固化墨水在喷印过程中良好的流动性，解决喷嘴易堵塞难题，喷印后用蓝光辐照引发低聚物和单体在织物表面原位聚合固化，实现对颜料粒子的包覆固着，有效改善常规颜料喷墨印花后道热固化能耗较高问题。为实现这一创新思想和目标，本项目从以下四个方面开展研究，揭示蓝光聚合固化反应机理和固化膜的性能调控原理，研制纺织品数码印花蓝光固化颜料墨水体系。.1、高效蓝光引发体系的构建。研究引发体系的构成、光固化环境和条件对蓝光引发自由基聚合性能的影响，探讨蓝光引发机制和协同作用机理，研究氧阻聚解决方案，开发出高效蓝光引发自由基聚合的多组分引发体系；研究自由基/阳离子混杂型蓝光引发体系及其作用机理，有效改善氧阻聚问题；设计制备以四碘荧光素二钠为母体的系列一体化光敏剂，修正并提出三组分光引发体系的协同增效理论，改善小分子共引发剂的迁移性，开发出价格低廉、具有工业化应用前景的可见光引发体系。.2、低黏型低聚物的合成和柔性聚合体系的构建。为满足纺织品的柔性要求和数码喷印墨水的流动性要求，合成了低黏型聚氨酯丙烯酸酯低聚物，并进一步设计合成了胺基和有机硅改性的系列聚氨酯丙烯酸酯低聚物，表征其结构、流变性能和蓝光聚合性能；研究单体结构、比例与聚合体系性能的相关性；确定低黏型柔性聚合体系的优化构成。.3、反应型有机颜料的改性制备。在常规有机颜料表面引入反应性基团，使之能参与蓝光聚合固化，与聚合体系形成一体化光固化膜，显著提高颜料的固着牢度。.4、蓝光固化颜料墨水的研制。研究墨水体系中颜料的种类、用量及颜色对蓝光引发聚合性能的影响，探明墨水体系的构成与喷印性能、固化膜强韧性、印制效果、印花织物手感和色牢度等构效关系，建立墨水性能的调控方法，研制的蓝光固化颜料墨水喷印流畅，花纹轮廓清晰，颜色鲜艳，耐摩擦色牢度好。