考虑信任度和权值的区块链数据通信性能优化研究

Blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing mode in recent two years, and it provides a distributed data management solution for storage, authentication, transfer and exchange. In order to shorten the confirmation time of block data transaction, improve the processing capacity of blockchain, and move toward implementation of blockchain as soon as possible, it is necessary to solve the problem of data communication performance optimization in block chain transaction validation. The project establishes a multi-link concurrent communication tree model from communication topology and communication mechanism. This model uses tree topology structure, considers the heterogeneity of node communication capacity, and introduces the concurrent communication mechanism. So blockchain physical network topology structure can be abstracted to logical tree structure. Based on this model, for different application requirements and scenarios of blockchain, it proposes different multi-targets multi-factors performance optimization strategies for blockchain data communication considering multiple impact factors, such as nodes’ transmitting capacity, nodes’ trust degree, weight, service request priority. Finally, in order to solve the problem of blockchain node's performance degradation caused by node failure on blockchain, a blockchain communication algorithm considering node failure is proposed. This project will complement and improve the basic theory of blockchain data communication performance optimization and provide technical support for the application of blockchain technology.

区块链技术是近两年新兴的一种分布式基础架构与计算范式，为分布式数据的存储、验证、传递和交流提供了一种解决方案。为了缩短区块数据交易确认时间，提高区块链业务处理能力，尽快推进区块链实施落地，必须解决区块链交易验证中数据通信性能优化问题。本项目首先从通信拓扑结构和通信机制方面优化通信性能，采用树形拓扑结构，充分考虑节点通信能力的异构性，引入并发通信机制，将区块链物理网络拓扑结构抽象树形结构，构建多连接并发通信树模型；其次基于此模型，针对不同的应用需求和场景，在节点通信能力、节点信任度、权值、服务请求优先级等多个影响因素的约束下，构造以多目标为优化目的的并发通信树，提出不同的多目标多因子区块链数据通信性能优化策略。最后针对区块链节点失效而导致区块链通信性能下降问题，提出一种考虑节点失效的区块链通信算法。本项目将补充完善区块链数据通信性能优化基础理论，为区块链技术应用实施提供技术支持。

近几年来，区块链技术迅猛发展，其在数字货币、金融证券、资产管理、交易支付、社会治理领域突显出广阔的应用前景。然而区块链系统业务吞吐量低、交易确认延时长、查询效率低，导致区块链难以适用互联网级别的应用。区块链的可扩展性是制约区块链技术应用推广的关键因素之一。本项目首先从通信拓扑结构和通信机制方面优化通信性能，构建了多连接并发通信树模型，在此基础上，针对不同的应用需求和场景，提出了不同的数据通信性能优化策略，具体算法包括：考虑节点通信连接数的区块链通信算法，考虑节点信任度的区块链通信算法，考虑权值的多因子区块链通信算法，考虑节点服务优先级的区块链通信算法，考虑节点失效的区块链通信算法和基于通信树深度参数动态设置的区块链通信算法。结合理论证明和仿真实验对算法的正确性和有效性进行了验证和分析。接着从系统架构方面优化区块链性能，采用分片技术，构建并行多链区块链模型，通过多链的并行运行提升区块链业务吞吐量。最后从降低跨链交易比例和防止合谋攻击风险方面优化区块链性能，研究了基于交易频次的区块链分片策略和考虑节点算力的区块链网络分片策略。本项目为提升区块链业务处理能力，推动区块链技术应用实施提供技术支持。三年的努力，我们的科研工作完成了预期的目标，发明专利5项，发表SCI、EI论文9篇，中文核心1篇，出版专著1部。研究成果涉及的研究内容包括：①多连接并发通信树模型；②多目标多因子的区块链数据通信优化策略；③并行多链区块链分片模型。