环境风条件下冰区溢油水面池火特征及热反馈主控机制演化

In-situ burning is considered as one of the most effective approach to clean up the oil spilled in ice-covered areas such as Arctic. During the burning of the spilled oil, the ice will melt due to the pool fire. As a result, the pool fire on water will form. Due the complex interaction among environmental wind, ice and spilled oil, the behavior and the heat feedback mechanism of pool fire on water under this condition is largely different from the traditional pool fire on water. In this project, the combined effect of wind, ice and spilled oil on the characteristic parameter evolution of the pool fire on water will be studied based on the experimental and theoretical analysis as well as the numerical simulations. The coupling relationship between the characteristic parameters and the characteristics of wind, spilled oil and ice will be analyzed. The critical occurrence condition and the characteristic parameter evolution of boilover will be investigated. The controlling heat feedback mechanism and the critical condition for its transition under the complex combined effect will be revealed. A criterion model to determine the transition of the controlling heat feedback mechanism and models for the characteristic parameters will be developed. .This study will fill the gap of the study of pool fire on ice-affected water under the wind, and also enrich the theory of pool fire in fire safety science. In addition, related study results and conclusions will provide a guidance for the application of in-situ burning of the spilled oil in ice-affected waters, and also reduce the oil spill pollution to the arctic environment, which is important for the implement of the “Polar Silk Road” strategy .

就地燃烧法是处理极地等冰区溢油的有效方式，溢油在冰区燃烧会使冰融化形成水面池火。由于环境风条件下冰-溢油的复杂相互作用，形成的冰区溢油水面池火在特征参数和热反馈机制上不同于传统的水面油池火。本项目拟通过实验模拟和理论分析，结合数值计算，系统研究风速、典型溢油-冰相互作用等条件下冰区溢油水面池火的火焰结构、燃烧速率、温度分布等特征参数变化规律，阐析特征参数与风速、溢油特征及冰特征的耦合关系，明确环境风作用下冰区溢油水面池火发生薄层喷溅的临界条件和特征参数演化规律，揭示环境风-冰-溢油复杂相互作用下冰区溢油水面池火热反馈主控机制及转捩临界条件，建立热反馈主控机制转捩临界判据模型和冰区溢油水面池火特征参数表征模型。.本项目研究有助于加深对冰区溢油水面池火的认识，对于科学利用就地燃烧法处理冰区溢油，减少溢油对极地地区生态环境的破坏，保障“冰上丝绸之路”战略顺利实施，具有重要的应用价值和现实意义。

“冰上丝绸之路”是我国一项重要的战略规划。由于北极地区脆弱的生态环境，溢油若不能得到及时有效处理，将会给北极地区生态造成无法估量的危害。就地燃烧法是处理极地等冰区溢油的有效方式，溢油在冰区燃烧会使冰融化形成水面池火。由于环境风条件下冰-溢油的复杂相互作用，形成的冰区溢油水面池火在特征参数和热反馈机制上不同于传统的水面油池火。本项目通过实验模拟和理论分析，结合数值计算，获得了环境风、乳化率等多因素耦合作用下典型原油的点燃特性；原油等典型液体燃料在水平热壁面上的着火特性；获得了圆形、环形、方形、碎冰油池火火焰结构、燃烧速率池火特征参数随风速、冰腔尺寸等因素的变化规律；结合传热学、燃烧学等理论，分析了冰腔油池火在环境风等因素下的传热规律，建立了相应的数学模型；基于实验数据，结合火焰的传热机制和沸溢火灾特有的过热现象，建立并发展了水面油池火二维传热模型，揭示了薄层喷溅发生的临界条件和机理。上述研究结论加深了对冰区溢油水面池火特性及动力学机制的认识。此外，项目开展过程中，还结合典型原油的点燃、着火、火蔓延等特性，提出了提高冰区溢油点燃和着火成功率的方法。结合冰区溢油水面池火燃烧特性和传热机制，提出了提高就地燃烧法处理溢油效率的方法和装置，并获得2项国家授权发明专利。这些方法和技术对于科学有效地利用就地燃烧法处理处理极地等冰区溢油，减少溢油对极地地区生态环境的破坏，保障“冰上丝绸之路”战略顺利实施，具有潜在的应用价值和重要的现实意义。