冰区航行船舶溢油光谱解混与识别

The presence of sea ice brings great difficulties to the marine navigation of ships and oil production, transportation, especially the oil spill accident disposal of ships caused some obstacles, which makes the oil spill caused by the effect of the duration of longer, more serious consequences. Arctic route and Northern China seas have a large number of sea ice exists in winter, which makes the ship ice navigation areas increases the risk of oil spill accident.. This research intends to use hyper-spectral remote sensing technology to get the reflectance spectrum of the oil, sea ice and water, analyze the reflecting spectrum features, reveal the coupling relationship between the spectral features and types of targets, so as to establish an adaptive identification of oil spill object model; through the technology of mixed spectrum decomposition, explore the spilled oil spectral mixing mechanism, the establishment of ice infested waters of ship oil spill the target spectral unmixing model. It is significant to clarify the remote sensing data of sub-pixel target area, oil type and other information extraction mechanism, provide more detailed decision support information for marine oil spill volume estimation and disposal of emergency plan, improve the oil spill disposal efficiency, reduce the impact on the navigation of a ship.

海冰的存在给海洋船舶航行和石油生产、运输带来较大困难，尤其对船舶的溢油事故处置造成一定障碍，使得溢油造成后果更加严重。北极航线与我国北部海域有大量油气田和钻井平台，往来油气运输船只众多，冬季大量海冰的存在使得有冰航区的船舶溢油事故风险增加。国际海事组织和极地规则均对极地航行和污染防治提出了较高要求，冰区航行船舶溢油的研究意义重大。. 本项目拟通过高光谱遥感技术研究有冰海区船舶溢油中海水、海冰、油污的反射率光谱，分析并提取三种端元目标的反射光谱特征，揭示光谱特征与目标类型的耦合关系，建立有冰海区船舶溢油目标自适应识别模型；通过混合光谱分解技术，探索冰区溢油光谱混合机理，建立有冰海区船舶溢油目标光谱解混模型。对阐明遥感影像数据亚像元目标面积、油种等信息提取机制具有重要意义，为船舶溢油量估算和应急处置方案制定提供更加详实的决策支持信息，提高溢油处置效率，减少对船只航行的影响。

在渤海湾海域、大连海事大学港池等开展了实验，获得了轻柴油、重柴油等油种在不同面积比例条件下的反射率光谱数据，并建立了相应的数据库。基于实测光谱数据，通过逐步多元线性回归分析，优选了海冰环境中油污探测及面积反演的波段范围，构建了海冰表面油污面积比例反演模型；评估了常用GF-2、MODIS、Landsat8-OLI、Sentinel3-OLCI和AVIRIS等传感器对海冰条件下油污探测的能力及可用波段范围；提出了一种基于数据场的端元预处理与提取算法，并进行了混合像元油污丰度反演应用。以研究结果为主要内容，发表了论文11篇，其中SCI检索论文9篇；相关论文获得辽宁省自然科学学术成果二等奖1项、中国航海学会优秀论文1项；申请国家发明专利4项，已授权1项；参与编写学术专著1部。