极地舰船用分层均质板材制备与多尺度耦合成形机理研究

Since the technology requirements of shock and corrosion resistance for ship plate under polar environment cannot be fully satisfied by mature single-layered plate homogeneous technology, a layering homogeneous 316L/EH40 clad plate design and heat treatment control strategy is proposed. Coated nickel interlayer is formed by interlayer vacuum and high clean interface forming method is presented. Through microstructure analysis and performance quantitative assessment, the influence laws of process parameters, such as rolling temperature, pass interval time and pressure distribution on bonding strength are researched. Vacuum hot rolling forming and interfacial microstructure evolution mechanism of 316L/EH40 clad plate is established. Based on microstructure evolution (micro-scale), dislocation density evolution (meso-scale), plastic deformation of metals and heat conduction (macro-scale), multi parameter coupling model of hot rolling is built to determine rolling process parameters with optimal interfacial bonding property, microstructure and mechanical properties. By analyzing the genetic regularity of residual stress during rolling and cooling process, the relationship between heat treatment and microstructure property is established to make layering homogeneous heat treatment for clad plate. The research of this project will greatly promote the development of layered homogeneous clad plate forming theory and technology, and also provide important theory and experiment basis for the development of ship plate under extreme environment with Chinese independent intellectual property rights .

针对单层板材均质技术手段完备条件下，为更好满足极地环境下舰船板耐冲击、耐腐蚀的技术要求，本项目提出分层均质316L/EH40复合板成形控制策略。采用层间真空涂覆形成镍膜夹层，提出高洁净夹层界面成形方法，通过组织分析与性能量化评价，研究轧制温度、道次间隔时间、压下分配等工艺参数对结合强度的影响规律，建立316L/EH40复合板材真空热轧复合变形及界面微观组织演变机制，并基于微观组织演变（微尺度）、位错密度演变（介观尺度）、金属塑性变形和热传导（宏尺度），建立热轧多参数耦合模型，确定最优界面结合特性、微观组织和力学性能下的轧制工艺参数。通过分析轧制及冷却过程残余应力的遗传规律，建立热处理与组织性能的关系，制定实现复合板分层均质的热处理工艺。本项目的研究将有力推动分层均质复合板成形理论与技术工艺的发展，并为研发具有我国自主知识产权的极端环境下高品质舰船用船板奠定重要理论与实验基础。

围绕极地舰船对高品质不锈钢复合板的性能需求，以带夹层316L/EH40复合板为研究对象，综合考虑充型夹层制备、真空热轧成形以及轧后处理等多重环节，探索了主要参数（轧制温度、轧制压下率、摩擦因子等）对复合板成形的影响规律，形成了316L/EH40双层均质板材成形关键技术。项目主要研究内容包括：通过研究重力作用下层间真空压差充型机理，提出了充型夹层界面成形方法，确定了真空涂膜夹层制备工艺参数，探究了中间夹层对界面微观组织成分、元素扩散行为以及界面间化合物成分、形成及其分布规律的影响。通过分析基板EH40钢和复板316L三维塑性流动及复合界面多金属变形行为，建立了热轧过程轧件塑性变形数学模型。基于形变、温度和组织演变模型，考虑热轧多物理过程相互耦合特征，建立了多道次热轧变形微观组织演变增量模型，研究了轧制温度、轧制速度及压下量分配对双层钢动态再结晶百分数及平均晶粒尺寸的影响，进行了复合板材真空热轧多尺度耦合仿真模拟，对晶粒均匀性进行调控。分析了316L/EH40复合板热轧工艺特性，制定了系列控轧控冷工艺参数，进行轧制实验，探究了热轧过程中变形温度、压下量分配、板坯预处理等工艺对轧件基板内部组织演变规律和界面结合特性的影响规律。本项目的研究实现了异种金属复合板充型夹层界面的获取，并通过成形与热处理工艺对不锈钢复合板的综合性能进行了联合调控，研究成果可为开发极地舰船用不锈钢复合板提供前期理论基础和相关实验数据。