北极模型冰与船舶冰-水动力学性能研究

With the increasing needs from the Arctic resources development and the opening of the Arctic route, polar ships have become one of the most important development areas in the future of international shipping and ocean engineering. The core items of the polar ship design include the Arctic ice environment, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the ice water two-phase mixed flow field and the resistance prediction and dynamic response of the ship. On the basis of the field survey data of many years, the sea ice model of the meteorological scale (tens to hundreds kilometers) is firstly transformed into the model in ship scale. Based ondescribing the crushed ice/ floating ice field with a random function, this work will originally developthe basic theory and the numerical model about ice-water dynamics. Then the numerical model coupling ship-ice-water will be established, which would reveal the ship behavior in ice water under the combined action of multi point contact. The study would be focused on the resistance performance and dynamic response.Finally the theory of ice-water dynamics and the method for predicting ship resistance and response in the ice water mixing flow field will be verified through model tests. The outcome of this project will provide technical support for Arctic ship development with independent technology.

由于北极资源开发需求和北极航线的开通，极地船舶成为国际船舶与海洋工程热点发展领域之一。极地船舶设计的核心是北极的冰环境条件、冰-水两相混合流场的水动力学特性以及在冰-水两相流场中船舶的阻力预报、动力响应等性能。本项目在多年北极实地考察观测数据基础上，首先把气象尺度（几十到几百公里）的海冰环境条件转化为船舶尺度的北极海冰模型；通过用随机场理论描述流冰/碎冰的冰场随机特性以及考虑海冰的刚体运动影响，建立冰-水动力学的理论模型和计算方法；在此基础上，考虑船舶在冰-水混合流场中的多点接触动力学行为，重点研究船舶在混合流体中航行时的阻力性能和动力响应，建立船舶冰-水动力学的计算方法与技术；通过模型试验，验证冰-水动力学理论和冰-水混合流场中船舶的阻力和响应等性能的预报方法，为自主极地船舶的设计开发提供基础支持和保障。

北极蕴含丰富的资源，是连接亚洲和欧洲的黄金海上航道。但是，漂浮的北极海冰严重降低了船舶的性能。有必要研究冰区船舶的水动力性能。本项目研究北极冰情分布和碎冰海域航行船舶的阻力性能。本项目开展了北极随船实测，获得了北极海冰物性和几何分布的第一手资料；开展了常温替代冰的实验室模型试验，获得了船舶碎冰航行阻力预报的模型试验方法，并发现了顶冰前行等有趣现象；创造性使用分子动力学方法，推导了碎冰航行船体阻力的理论预报公式；开发了非光滑离散元法，通过计算预报船体阻力的计算方法。本项目为北极碎冰中航行船舶阻力的预报提供了完整的方法。.本项目发表期刊论文83篇，其中SCI索引51篇；获得教育部一等奖一次、辽宁省科技进步一等奖一次（公示中）；海洋工程咨询协会基础研究二等奖两次。培养博士4名，博士后1名，三人晋升副教授；一人破格晋升为教授。