离子印迹磁性纳米碳球智能化分离海水中Li+的应用基础研究

Ion imprinted polymers are designed and synthesized on the surface of magnetic carbon nanospheres for the selective recognition and smart separation of Li+ from seawater. Binding sites and imprinted cavities of imprinted polymers realize the selective recognition. Li+ is captured and released smartly by regulating the temperature-sensitive characteristics. Imprinted materials based on the magnetic carrier are easily separated from the adsorption system in the presence of external magnetic field..First, magnetic carbon nanospheres are prepared by using solvo-thermal method. Then, with the temperature sensibility, ion imprinted layer is prepared on the surface of modified magnetic carbon nanospheres by using Li+ as the target ion. The morphology, structure, magnetic and temperature-sensitive properties of samples at different stages are characterized and analyzed. The selective adsorption of imprinted materials towards Li+ is systematically studied to reveal the recognition mechanism. Finally, smart imprinted materials with selective recognition are obtained for capturing and releasing Li+ quickly from seawater. It provides a theoretical basis and a new technical method for efficient capture and deep separation of Li+.

为解决海水中Li+的高效捕集和深度分离问题，本项目设计合成一种温敏型磁性纳米碳球表面离子印迹材料。利用印迹聚合物丰富的网络结构提供与Li+匹配的结合位点和印迹空穴，实现Li+的大容量、高选择性识别吸附；通过印迹过程中引入温敏特性，实现Li+的智能化吸附与释放；采用磁性纳米碳球为印迹载体，实现外加磁场下，印迹材料与吸附体系的快速分离。.首先采用溶剂热法制备磁性纳米碳球，并对其表面进行硅烷化改性；然后结合温敏特性的设计，以Li+为目标离子，在改性后的磁性纳米碳球表面制备离子印迹聚合物层；并对各阶段产物进行形貌、结构、磁性及温敏特性表征分析；系统考察印迹材料对Li+的选择性吸附效果，探讨其识别机制。最终获得既能够选择性识别吸附，又能够快速分离Li+的智能型印迹碳材料，为实现海水中Li+的选择性识别和智能化分离富集提供理论基础和新的技术方法。

锂作为新能源产业的基础材料，其高效开发具有重要的战略意义。为解决海水中锂的高效捕集和深度分离问题，本项目设计合成一种磁性纳米碳球表面离子印迹吸附材料。主要内容包括：（1）采用溶剂热法制备得到粒径均匀的磁性纳米碳球，并对其表面进行硅烷化改性；（2）采用液相聚合法制备得到三种磁性纳米碳球表面锂离子印迹材料。①以2-羟甲基-12-冠醚-4为功能单体，二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂，制备得到锂离子印迹聚合物材料，印迹层厚度约为28 nm，吸附量为22.26 mg/g，且具有良好的选择性和再生性。②以2-羟甲基-12-冠醚-4和丙烯酸为双功能单体，N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，制备得到锂离子印迹聚合物材料，印迹层厚度约为10 nm，吸附量为3.8 mg/g，提取率达到94%以上。③以甲基丙烯酸和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺作为功能单体，苯并-12-冠醚-4为捕获剂，二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂，制备得到锂离子印迹聚合物材料，印迹层厚度约为10 nm，最大吸附量为23.46 mg/g，且具有良好的选择性和再生性。本项目的实施，为海水中锂的高效捕集和深度分离提供了新的思路和途径。