承包商施工项目管理层人员工作倦怠和工作投入的双过程机理研究

Contractors’ construction project management professionals (CPMPs) are generally faced with unique, complex and significant occupational psychological health problems, which may lead to individual health impairment, and also pose negative impacts such as decreased career preference and increased turnover intention on organizations, subsequently affect the sustainable and stable development of the construction industry. However, there are very limited in-depth and systemic studies with focus on the causal process mechanism of job burnout and work engagement taking the occupational characteristics of CPMPs in China into account. This proposed research attempts to develop a dual-process Job Demands-Resources(JD-R) model for analyzing CPMPs job burnout and work engagement, as well as identify the dimensions and index system for representing their cause, performance and effect on the basis of interdisciplinary theories; develop corresponding scales and questionnaires with full consideration of the generality and the particularity related to CPMPs’ job burnout and work engagement, and build an occupational psychological health database for construction professionals in China by large scale survey; analyze and disclose the distribution laws as well as the “cause-performance-effect” mechanism of job burnout and work engagement using multiple statistical methods, structural equation model and data mining techniques; finally conduct intervention experiments and investigations on job hoppers to validate the effectiveness and the rationality of the mechanism. The proposed research is expected to have theoretical value in enhancing understanding for occupational psychological health of construction practitioners, also contribute to develop the construction industry-oriented occupational psychological health management theories and methods. Meanwhile, it is also expected to have the practical value in implementing the people-oriented idea, promoting innovative practices in project management, human resources and organizational management in construction industry.

承包商施工项目管理层人员的职业心理健康问题独特、复杂、显著，不仅对个体健康产生损害，还会引发择业意愿下降和离职等对组织的负面影响，影响到行业持续稳定发展。但目前反映其职业特性的工作倦怠和投入过程机理的系统研究还很缺乏。拟汲取跨学科的理论方法，构建管理层人员工作倦怠（消极）和投入（积极）的双过程“工作需求-资源”（JD-R）模型，确定前因端、表现端和后果端的表征维度和指标；开发共性和特性相结合的量表和调查问卷，建设大规模的管理层人员职业心理样本库；运用多种统计方法、结构方程模型和数据挖掘技术，揭示倦怠和投入表现分布规律、“前因-表现-后果”的作用路径和强度；通过干预实验和“跳槽”群体调查相结合实现作用机理的有效性和科学性的验证。课题对科学认知从业人员职业心理状况，发展专门的建筑业职业心理健康管理理论方法具有理论价值，对行业落实以人为本的理念，创新工程管理、人力资源和组织管理具有参考价值。

承包商项目管理人员是我国数量巨大的建筑业从业人员的骨干核心力量，其职业心理健康问题独特、复杂、显著，不仅对个体健康产生损害，还会引发择业意愿下降和离职等对组织的负面影响，影响到行业持续稳定发展。但目前反映其职业特性的工作倦怠和投入过程机理的系统研究还很缺乏。课题汲取跨学科的理论方法，构建了承包商施工项目经理工作倦怠成因“工作需求-资源”（JD-R）分析模型，开发了共性和特性相结合的量表和调查问卷，开展了基于结构方程和数据挖掘方法的实证分析，明确了倦怠分布规律、复杂成因交互反馈机制以及组织公平感作用路径；开展了承包商管理人员工作倦怠与投入对绩效的影响研究，明确了工作倦怠、投入、工作满意度和工作绩效分布规律，以及工作倦怠与投入对绩效的影响关系；将与建设工程职业特征有紧密关系的工作家庭关系纳入分析框架，通过较大规模的调研，揭示了工作家庭关系对工作倦怠与投入的作用路径和强度；引入人-环境匹配理论，构建了新生代员工价值观-供给匹配“分布规律-作用机理-关联关系”分析范式，揭示了“工作供给-价值”的匹配规律和影响机理；结合JD-R模型和工作重塑理论方法，确定了自下而上、基于员工需求的青年施工项目管理人员纵向干预实验方案，基于干预过程中获得的大量职业心理健康数据，运用重复测量方差分析和分层回归分析等方法，分析了干预的有效性，明确了干预对工作倦怠、工作投入的作用机理。研究也适当延伸至承包商社会责任和项目社会影响评价等领域，并取得初步成果。理论成果已应用于实际项目管理人员的职业心理压力评估、倦怠干预、工作家庭冲突因素分析等，并支持编制中国建设工程标准化协会标准1部（报批稿提交）。课题对科学认知从业人员职业心理状况，发展专门的建筑业职业心理健康管理理论方法具有理论价值，对行业落实以人为本的理念，创新工程管理、人力资源和组织管理具有参考价值。