城市污水SNEDPR工艺的性能与菌群结构优化及其与Anammox耦合特性

Simultaneous nitrification- endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNEDPR) possesses the advantages of both enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and simultaneous nitrification- denitrification (SND), and it can achieve a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater by strengthening the intracellular carbons storage and reuse. However, the total nitrogen removal efficiencies of SNEDPR processes were still low, when treating municipal wastewater with low carbon. In this project, a novel process combined SNEPDR with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) in a single sequencing batch reactor (SBR) will be developed to achieve a deep-level nutrient removal treating municipal wastewater. By studying the relationships of influent conditions and operating conditions with the intracellular carbons storage efficiency and nutrient removal performance, control methods for the performance optimization of SNEDPR treating municipal wastewater will be proposed; by exploring the population, species and metabolic activity dynamics of functional microorganisms in the SNEDPR system, biomass structure optimization strategy for the SNEDPR process will be constructed. Additionally, the relationships among operating conditions, microbial community structure of nitrifying bacteria and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, and total nitrogen removal rate in the combined SNEDPR-Anammox process will be investigated to establish its performance optimizing strategy. The study of this project will provide some theoretical foundation for the development and application of deep-level nutrient removal processes treating municipal wastewater.

同步硝化内源反硝化除磷（SNEDPR）具有强化生物除磷（EBPR）和同步硝化反硝化（SND）两者的优势，并通过强化内碳源的储存与再利用，可实现污水的同步脱氮除磷；但其在处理低碳城市污水时，总氮去除率难以进一步提高。本项目拟在单一序批式SBR反应器中，将SNEDPR技术与厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）自养脱氮技术相结合，以实现城市污水的深度脱氮除磷。考察SNEDPR工艺进水条件、运行条件与内碳源储存率、氮磷去除率的关系，构建城市污水SNEDPR性能优化调控策略；探索SNEDPR系统中功能菌数量、种类的动态变化及其代谢活性演替规律，构建城市污水SNEDPR菌群结构优化调控策略；考察SNEDPR-Anammox耦合工艺运行条件、硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌菌群结构与总氮去除率的关系，建立该耦合工艺处理城市污水优化控制方法。可为城市污水深度脱氮除磷工艺的开发与应用奠定理论基础。

本项目研究目标是在单一序批式SBR反应器中，将同步硝化内源反硝化除磷（SNEDPR）与厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）耦合用于低碳城市污水的深度脱氮除磷。项目研究过程中，首先开展了SNEDPR工艺处理城市污水的启动和性能影响因素研究，包括进水C/N、进水COD浓度、进水NH4+-N浓度、进水C/P、SRT、曝气量、曝气时间等，并考察了不同条件下污泥内碳源储存与氮磷去除特性及菌群结构演替，构建了SNEDPR的快速启动与性能优化调控策略；之后，开展了城市污水SNEDPR增加缺氧段强化内源反硝化脱氮的启动与性能优化研究，并考察了不同C/N条件下的脱氮除磷特性与功能菌群多样性；其后，建立了硝酸盐型SNEDPR、亚硝酸盐型SNEDPR工艺脱氮除磷性能研究与优化策略，对其脱氮除磷机理进行了深入的探究，为SNEDPR工艺同步处理城市污水与含硝酸盐、城市污水与含亚硝酸盐废水提供新途径；最后，在前期研究的基础上，构建了城市污水SNEDPR-Anammox工艺的启动与优化控制方法，并同时考察了功能菌群结构与代谢活性。本项目研究成果可为低碳城市污水深度脱氮除磷新工艺的开发与应用提供理论基础和技术支撑。