分级取向结构手性聚苯胺复合纤维体系的构建及宽频吸波特性研究

In view of the problems of microwave absorber coated flexible fiber are difficult to achieve “strong absorption, broad-band, lightweight and thinness” and controllable frequency of coating absorber used in practical application. A one-dimensional helical chiral polyaniline microwave absorber with trinity of resistance loss, dielectric loss and magnetic loss is prepared and used as absorbing functional unit. Based on modern spinning technology, oriented hierarchical structure of the chiral polyaniline composite fiber absorbing system is constructed and effective way for construction of high-performance composite fiber absorbing system is also established. The structure-function relationship between structure regulation of oriented hierarchical structure composite fiber also laminated structure design of fiber collection and absorbing properties of system is investigated. It is realization of oriented hierarchical structure composite fiber to obtain tunable absorbing frequencies and improve microwave absorbing intensity. It is expected to explore the key factors and internal rules about synthesis and microstructure regulation of helical chiral polyaniline, reveal the structure-function relationship between helical chiral polyaniline intrinsic properties also oriented hierarchical structure composite fiber absorbing system and absorbing properties of system, establish scientific model of relationship between structural of absorbing system and absorbing properties of system, and provide theoretical guidance to prepare high-performance stealth fibers with controllable absorbing properties and achieve practical application.

针对传统的涂层类柔性吸波纤维难以实现“强、宽，轻、薄”的吸波材料特性，及涂层吸波材料在实际应用中吸波频率可控调节等问题。本项目通过原位聚合-自组装法制备了兼具电阻损耗，介电损耗、磁损耗的一维螺旋型手性聚苯胺吸波功能单元。基于现代纺丝技术，构建了分级取向结构手性聚苯胺复合纤维吸波体系，建立构建高性能复合纤维吸波体系的有效方法，考察分级取向结构复合纤维结构调控及其纤维集合叠层结构设计与体系吸波性能之间的构效关系，实现分级取向结构复合纤维吸波体系对吸波频率的有效调控，提高吸波效率。期望通过本项目研究，探明实现螺旋型手性聚苯胺的合成及微结构调控的关键因素和内在规律，揭示螺旋型手性聚苯胺本征特性及其分级取向结构复合纤维吸波体系与吸波性能之间的构效关系，建立吸波体系结构与吸波性能关系的科学模型，为制备吸波性能可控的高性能隐形纤维并实现实际应用提供理论指导。

针对传统的涂层类柔性吸波纤维难以实现“强、宽、轻、薄”的吸波材料特性，及涂层吸波材料在实际应用中吸波频率可控调节等问题。本项目通过原位聚合-自组装法制备了兼具电阻损耗、介电损耗、磁损耗的一维螺旋手性聚苯胺吸波材料。系统研究了螺旋手性聚苯胺结构、组成，以及合成机理，分析了螺旋手性聚苯胺的电磁特性，深入探讨了材料的吸波性能。研究结果表明：聚苯胺具有明显的螺旋结构和手性特性，并通过对材料的电磁性能分析显示了螺旋手性聚苯胺吸波材料兼具电阻损耗、介电损耗和磁损耗等多重吸波损耗特性。为进一步探索构建高性能复合吸波体系，创新性的提出构建分级取向结构聚苯胺复合吸波体系，通过对复合吸波体系的多元组分构建、形貌与结构设计、以及制备工艺调控等技术方法，获得了一系列分级取向结构聚苯胺复合吸波材料。采用多维度表征方法、电磁参数测试和吸波性能分析，探讨了取向结构设计对复合材料体系吸波性能的影响。取向结构设计能有效改善材料的阻抗匹配，基于几何效应特性，增强对电磁波的介电损耗和磁损耗等多重损耗，最终提高材料的吸波性能。项目为进一步推动高性能电磁吸波材料的发展提供理论和实践指导。根据项目研究结果已发表相关学术论文8篇，均为SCI收录，其中1篇论文为ESI高被引论文；授权中国发明专利2项，申请发明专利5项。