The objective of this project is to develop a surface-modified adsorbent with enhanced capacity for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. A new modified biomass-based activated carbon was developed from municipal sewage sludge using different metallic compounds and natural minerals as additives. The catalytic effects and synergistic reactions caused by the active components, MnO2, Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, et. al., during the adsorbent preparation were studied and discussed. The impact of those active components on the pore structure and surface chemical properties of the modified biomass-based adsorbent was investigated and determined. Then the adjustment and control mechanism of the nature minerals were established and optimized. Batch experiments were carried out using synthetical wastewater with Pb(II),Cu(II),Ni(II),Cd(II)ions, including single-ion solution systems for each metal adsorption and multi-ions solution system for competitive adsorption. The inner structure and surface function groups of the adsorbent were analyzed, and the adsorption selectivity in multi-ions solution was discussed for further understanding the adsorption affinities of the modified adsorbents. Exhausted activated carbons were regenerated and the feasibility of adsorbed metals desorption, enrichment and reusing were also discussed. This project could offer a combined benefit of reducing the sludge volume and producing a valuable adsorbent with lower cost than commercial activated carbons in heavy metal wastewater removal.
以城市污泥为原料,通过负载不同比例的金属组分和天然矿物材料共混制备新型改性生物质炭基吸附材料,研究各种活性组分(MnO2、Fe2O3、MgO、Al2O3等)在生物质炭基吸附剂制备工艺过程中的催化作用和协同作用,探讨不同活性组分对吸附材料的孔隙结构和表面化学特性的影响变化规律,确立天然矿物材料对生物质吸附剂吸附性能的优化调控机制;通过生物质吸附剂的重金属吸附实验,以Pb(II),Cu(II),Ni(II),Cd(II)为代表污染物,进行重金属离子的单一和竞争吸附能力的研究,考察改性吸附剂的孔径结构及表面化学性质对重金属离子的选择吸附规律和去除机理;分析改性生物质炭基吸附剂的选择吸附性能,并研究富集回收重金属的可行性,为重金属工业废水的处理和重金属的回收利用提供技术支持。该课题既为重金属废水的治理提供了高效经济的吸附材料,也为资源化利用城市污泥开辟了新思路,具有重要的现实意义。
城市污水厂剩余污泥来源丰富,价格低廉,而制取炭基吸附剂的工艺过程相对简单,是国内外发展的热点方向。本项目在课题组前期研究的基础上,以废治废,利用城市污泥为原料,通过软锰矿、锂硅粉等改性剂的添加,优化制备工艺,得到高效经济的改性生物质吸附剂,并用于重金属废水的处理。结果表明:优化改性后污泥活性炭(软锰矿负载量为1%),对含铜、铅、镉、铬等重金属离子的废水有很好的吸附去除效果,相比为改性前的活性炭,去除率可提升15~20%;而通过负载不同的金属矿物对污泥活性炭的孔隙结构、表面特性和吸附能力都有较大的影响,软锰矿改性后的污泥活性炭比为改性前的活性炭其BET比表面积提高了38.2%,微孔和中孔容积提升约40%和54%;改性后的污泥活性炭对不同重金属离子具有高度选择性,竞争吸附的结果表明其选择吸附性为Cu2+>Pb2+>Cd2+>Cr3+。. 针对不同的重金属离子,Langmuir吸附等温模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型对其较好的描述。吸附机理包括表面吸附、网捕作用、静电引力、含氧官能团的表面络合等作用,属于物理和化学吸附混合型。而污泥活性炭对重金属离子的吸附主要是由其表面含氧官能团,如羧基及羟基含量决定。. 本课题在研期间共发表SCI收录论文3篇,1篇中文核心,培养博、硕士研究生各1名,在读硕士研究生3名,正申请专利2项,参加数次国内国际会议并做报告。通过本项目的研究,可为重金属废水的治理提供高效经济的吸附材料,也为资源化利用城市污泥开辟了新思路,变废为宝,以废治废,具有良好的社会和经济意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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