正念冥想干预情绪惰性的效果及机制

Emotional inertia, a kind of emotional dynamics, is manifested as the degree of emotion affected by the previous emotions. Emotional inertia cannot directly reflect the positive and negative degree of emotion, but it is closely related to many negative psychological indicators. More and more researchers started to consider emotional inertia as a new indicator of emotional health. However, there were lacks of studies about the psychological interventions on emotional inertia, and the potential psychological and neural mechanisms of the interventions. Mindfulness meditation has shown advantages in the intervention of emotional state, but the effects of mindfulness meditation on emotional intervention were still lack of empirical support. The purpose of this project is to examine the relationship between the level of mindfulness and emotional inertia and its corresponding characteristics of brain activity. Besides, the short-term and long-term mindfulness meditation will be adopted to test the effects of mindfulness meditation on emotional inertia. On this basis, according to the Monitoring and Acceptance Theory (MAT) and the ability of mindfulness mediation enhancing activities of left frontal lobe of the brain, the psychological mechanism and brain mechanism of mindfulness meditation on emotional inertia will be explored, from the perspective of the improvement of awareness and acceptance, and the enhancement of the activities of left frontal lobe. These results are expected to provide empirical support for emotional intervention, to make important theoretical contributions in the emotional intervention mechanism, and to help the development of more scientific and reasonable intervention programs.

情绪惰性是情绪的一种动态属性，表现为此刻情绪受此前情绪的影响程度。情绪惰性虽不能直接反映情绪的正性与负性程度，但它却与诸多负性心理指标存在紧密关联。越来越多研究者倾向于将其看做一种反映情绪健康与否的新型指标。然而，有关情绪惰性的心理干预研究仍然较为缺乏，更缺少相关心理与神经机制的探索。大量研究表明正念冥想在干预情绪状态方面存在优势，然而对情绪惰性的干预效果仍需进一步证实。本项目拟考察正念水平与情绪惰性的关系及其对应的大脑活动特点；并分别采用短时和长时的正念冥想方式，检验其对情绪惰性的改善作用；在此基础上，根据正念的监控与接纳理论（MAT）以及正念冥想带来大脑前额叶活动左侧化的特点，从觉察与接纳能力的提升、以及左前额叶活动增强的角度，探究正念训练改善情绪惰性的心理与脑机制。研究有望为情绪惰性干预提供实证支持，在干预机制方面做出重要理论贡献，为制定更科学合理的干预方案提供参考。

情绪健康是人类心理健康的重要组成部分，而除了传统上基于情绪效价唤醒度作为情绪健康的指标外，近年来研究者开始将包括情绪惰性在内的情绪动态属性作为衡量情绪健康的重要依据。另外，证据表明正念对情绪动态属性的改善作用也存在潜力。据此，本项目从传统的效价-唤醒度的角度和动态的角度系统地考察了个体情绪健康的预测因素，并探索了正念对情绪健康的作用机制。本项目开展了针对大学生和临床特殊人群的系列研究，通过横断、追踪、动态评估、随机对照干预等研究设计，采用结构方程模型、多层线性模型、潜在剖面分析、潜在类别模型等数据分析方法，研究发现：1）环境因素（如留守情况、教养环境）个体因素（情绪调节能力、认知状况、心理抗逆力、运动状况）和人际因素（社会支持、人际沟通）对个体的情绪效价和情绪动态属性以及行为问题存在显著的预测作用；2）特质正念可以预防情绪问题，促进情绪健康，认知重评、社会支持和自我关怀是重要的中间机制，此外，正念也能够缓冲不利因素对情绪健康的负面影响；3）状态正念对消极和积极情绪的动态属性均有显著的预测力，而且对行为问题也存在动态的负向预测，此外，状态正念本身也会受到动态积极情绪的预测；4）正念干预可以显著改善个体的情绪健康，觉察和接纳是其重要机制。本项目对于全面理解情绪健康和情绪动态属性的预测因素提供了更为整合的视角，揭示了特质正念、状态正念和正念干预在不同层面上对情绪健康的作用及机制。项目成果对采用更具针对性的正念干预方案改善个体情绪动态属性具有重要的借鉴意义。