飞行器导航中地磁场矢量测量与干扰场补偿方法

The accuracy geomagnetic vector measurement is the basis of geomagnetic navigation system．Focusing on the movement coupling problems in the traditional magnetic compensation method, the magnetic dipole magnetic field distributing theory is applied to deduce magnetic compensation model based on rotation matrices and angular velocities, which is much simpler than the old model and can work in all attitudes. According to the magnetic disturbance disciplinarion with the airport,The least square algorithm under Ellipsoid constraints is applied to substitute equation solving method, which guarantees the new algorithm to have stronger anti-interference ability.Focusing on the deficiencies of the 12 constants compensation algorithm , some ideas of the uniform design is tntroduced into the optimization design. A method of designing the airport stance points based on the influence coefficients statistical comparison is put forward. The compensation model is established with the magnetic measurement data when the airport is at the design stance. A new method based on independent components analysis is developed to solve the low-frequency electro magnetic interference. These findings of this project will form and improve the geomagnetic vector measurement and compensation theories, which meets the high accuracy geomagnetic navigation.

地磁场的实时准确测量是实现地磁导航的基础。在模型上，本项目提出依据磁偶极子磁场分布理论，用姿态阵、角速度阵建模新方法，解决传统模型过于理想化，未考虑飞行器运动耦合、不适用于三轴磁传感器等问题。在参数求解上，提出基于椭球约束的最小二乘法和卡尔曼滤波法，解决传统模型求解计算复杂、易陷入奇异等问题。在补偿方法上，针对常用的12参数补偿法耗时费力且对飞行器运动状态诸多限制等不足，创新性提出将均匀设计思想引入到优化求解建模中，用影响因子权值统计法设计飞行器姿态，用优化设计的磁测数据建立补偿模型；率先提出用独立特征分析法解决低频电器设备干扰下的地磁信号分离，填补我国在此领域中的空白。本项目研究工作，将形成和完善地磁场矢量测量与干扰磁场的补偿理论，解决飞行器磁场建模、干扰磁场补偿以及低频电器设备干扰下的地磁信号分离等关键问题，提供飞行器上地磁测量与干扰磁场补偿的新思路和新方法，具有重要的科学意义。

地磁场的实时准确测量是实现地磁导航的基础。本课题组采用有限元方法对飞行器上的多种磁场干扰源进行建模，主要进行了三个方面的研究：（1）针对静磁场的标量磁位有限元计算方法，进行了理论推导；（2）采用有限元方法建立了以红外导引头为代表的硬磁材料磁场模型，设计了不同的磁场屏蔽装置屏蔽该磁场，并通过实验验证了仿真的正确性，找出了最优的屏蔽装置；（3）对导弹在地磁场中做侧向旋转和绕自身轴线滚转时的涡流和涡流磁场分布进行有限元仿真和分析，得出了弹体旋转位置、转速、有无弹翼等因素对涡流和涡流磁场分布的影响情况，找出了弹体涡流磁场的分布规律，为涡流磁场的补偿提供了基础资料。. 近三年来，本课题组针对该项目，发表论文5篇，其中SCI检索论文1篇，EI检索论文4篇；培养硕士生2名；同英国克兰菲尔德大学大学开展一年交流访问；参加国际学术会议1人次。. 本课题组围绕飞行器导航中地磁场矢量测量与干扰场补偿方法进行了较为深入的研究，为今后在该领域的进一步研究打下了基础。