本质阻燃聚丙烯的分子设计及阻燃机理研究

Inherently flame retardant polymers are possessing excellent flame retardancy due to its unique chemical structures. These materials are eliminating the new addition of external flame retardants with the polymeric matrix. It is possible to replace conventional polymers with inherently flame polymers in the future. In recent years many reach works were carried with largest varieties of traditional polymer materials even though, the limited reports are available with the inherently flame retardant polyolefin material. Phosphorus-containing polypropylene block copolymers were synthesized by a multi-step polymerization technique which was reposted in our early study of the applicant. In this project, poly(propylene-b-phosphorus) diblock copolymers were synthesized by two-step polymerization. In the first step, polypropylene is synthesized by controlled living polymerization. In second step, the living polypropylene chains were extended with phosphorus monomers using coordination polymerization. A series of phosphorus-containing polypropylene block copolymers with different chain lengths were prepared to study the thermal stability and the flame retardance. This study is revealing the essence of poly(propylene-b-phosphorus) flame retardancy and thermal decomposition kinetics.

通过共聚、接枝、卤化等手段在聚合物分子链中引入阻燃元素或基团，可将易燃、可燃高分子材料转化为具有本质阻燃性的高分子材料，该方法因具有绿色、高效、持久的优点而成为了阻燃材料的研究热点。但是配位聚合合成机理及自身结构的特殊性使得本质阻燃聚烯烃材料很难合成，本质阻燃聚烯烃工作也鲜有文献报道。申请者在前期研究中通过配位聚合与ATRP相结合的方式合成了聚丙烯-聚磷酸酯共聚物，虽然ATRP反应对聚磷酸酯共聚物的合成控制性差，但是测试表明该材料具有较好的阻燃倾向。本课题设计以配位聚合与活性聚合（RAFT或阴离子聚合）相结合的方式将聚磷酸酯以嵌段形式引入聚丙烯分子链中，通过筛选合适的聚合条件、匹配结构的含磷阻燃剂，可控制备结构明确的本质阻燃聚丙烯，研究本质阻燃聚丙烯热分解过程中分子结构化学变化过程，揭示本质阻燃聚丙烯的热分解动力学过程，探究其阻燃机理。从而为制备本质阻燃聚烯烃系列材料奠定理论基础。

通过共聚、接枝、卤化等手段在聚合物分子链中引入阻燃元素或基团，可将易燃、可燃高分子材料转化为具有本质阻燃性的高分子材料，该方法因具有绿色、高效、持久的优点，对阻燃材料的设计合成具有非常重要的意义。本项目以配位聚合与RAFT活性聚合相结合的方式将聚磷酸酯以嵌段形式引入聚丙烯分子链中，通过筛选合适的聚合条件、匹配结构的含磷阻燃剂，可控制备了结构明确的本质阻燃聚丙烯，研究了本质阻燃聚丙烯热分解过程中分子结构化学变化过程，揭示了本质阻燃聚丙烯的热分解动力学过程，探明其阻燃机理。为制备本质阻燃聚烯烃系列材料奠定了理论基础。此外，还制备了具有催化性能的纳米材料，设计了新型的杂化材料，该类催化剂不但可以实现有机有毒污染物的快速处理，而且实验过程中催化剂结构保持稳定。本项目的开展，为材料的微观结构和催化能力关系的建立，以及新型功能材料的构筑奠定了实验和理论基础。