可调速异步磁力耦合器变气隙磁场特性及调速性能研究

Aiming at the problems of high temperature corrosion, high vibration, frequent start-up and serious wear, a novel adjustable asynchronous magnetic coupler with both permanent magnet induction and magnetic field modulation is designed. A unique speed regulation method is proposed through the rotation of the monopole magnetic pole. By studying the change of meshing area and air gap thickness after magnetic pole rotation, the influence of dynamic air gap parameters on air gap magnetic field is obtained, and the electromagnetic model of dynamic air gap magnetic field is established to understand the dynamic air gap magnetic field characteristics under variable air gap. As a result, the theory and method of the electromagnetic field of air gap is explored. Also, the relationship model of dynamic air gap parameters and output speed or slip rate is derived to reveal the variation of speed regulation and provide theoretical guidance for intelligent control. Besides, the calculation model of speed regulation performance under variable air gap is also obtained, and the mechanical characteristics and speed regulation performance under variable air gap are explored, and the appropriate load characteristic and reasonable range of speed regulating air gap are sought. Moreover, the energy saving effect of speed regulation under variable load/constant load is analyzed, and the test and analysis method of variable air gap dynamic magnetic field and speed regulation performance is investigated by modern test technology. In a word, through theoretical research, numerical simulation and experimental study, the design problem of permanent magnet inductive dynamic magnetic field under variable air gap is solved, and the design theory and method of adjustable speed asynchronous magnetic coupling are formed, which provides a new theoretical basis for the design of this kind of magnetic coupling.

针对高温腐蚀、振动大、启动频繁、磨损严重等恶劣环境下机械系统的调速节能问题，设计一种新颖的永磁感应与磁场调制兼备的可调速异步磁力耦合器，并提出通过单极磁极旋转实现独特的调速方式。通过研究磁极旋转后啮合面积及气隙厚度的变化，获得动态气隙参数对气隙磁场的影响；建立动态气隙磁场电磁模型，研究变气隙下动态气隙磁场特性，探求变气隙电磁场理论及方法；建立动态气隙参数与输出速度或滑差率的调速关系模型，揭示其调速变化规律，为智能控制提供理论指导；建立变气隙下调速性能计算模型，探究变气隙下的机械特性及调速性能，寻求适合的负载特性大小及合理的调速气隙范围；分析变负载/恒负载下调速节能效果；采用现代测试技术研究变气隙动态磁场及调速性能的测试分析方法；通过理论研究、数值模拟及实验研究，解决变气隙下的永磁感应动态磁场的设计问题，形成可调速异步磁力耦合器的设计理论及方法，为该类磁力耦合器设计提供新的理论依据。

可调速磁力耦合器作为一种新型的调速技术，具有软启动、过载保护、隔离振动、可靠性高等优点。针对可调式磁力耦合器中气隙磁场分布以及调速性能等问题，开展了变气隙下永磁动态旋转磁场的磁感应理论、各部件设计、调速性能计算、电磁场特性数值模拟及调速性能模拟分析以及变气隙下调速特性及三维气隙磁场测试方法研究。主要成果如下：.1、建立了引入感应电流的磁体旋转型盘式磁力耦合器单极永磁体旋转过程中的磁路模型；推导了磁体旋转后气隙厚度、永磁体旋转角度、气隙磁通密度与输出转矩的理论模型，并通过有限元模拟验证了其有效性；获得了发生旋转的永磁体与导体盘处于非平行状态时的等效磁路模型，为研究非平行状态时的磁路模型提供理论基础。.2、分析了变角度调速、变气隙调速以及复合调速的工作原理；运用三维模拟软件模拟了极弧系数、磁力耦合器无量纲数（偏心率、 气隙参数、速度参数变化）等对耦合器传递性能的影响。.3、分析了恒转矩负载、二次方率负载以及恒功率负载三种不同负载工况特性；结合变气隙下永磁动态旋转磁场的磁感应理论研究，建立了不同负载工况下磁体旋转型盘式磁力耦合器的调速理论模型；离散化求解了三种负载工况下变角度调速、变气隙调速以及复合调速时转速差、气隙厚度以及永磁体旋转角度与输出转矩的关系。.4、运用三维有限元仿真对磁感应强度分布、涡流分布、涡流密度进行分析，得到磁感应强度和涡流呈现周期性分布的规律；通过对旋转永磁体发生旋转时的电磁转矩进行仿真分析，验证了所提出的电磁转矩理论计算模型的准确性；结合不同负载工况时的转矩特性，分析其变化规律。.5、搭建了磁力耦合器智能实验平台；进行了变气隙下恒转矩负载、突变负载时的调速特性和三维气隙磁场测量试验；分析了恒转矩负载以及突变负载时下耦合器的实际稳定运行情况；研究了不同旋转角度时周向、径向和轴向气隙磁密的变化。.