基于《营造法式》彩画作制度的中国唐宋时期官式建筑色彩设计规律研究

Distinctive and rich architectural color is one of the important features of traditional Chinese architecture. It is also important for judging the style, age, grade, function and design thinking of historical buildings. The previous investigations in the literature are mostly focused on the aspect of construction, whereas decorations are less concerned. From 7th to 12th centuries (Tang and Song dynasties) are the most prosperous periods on techniques and arts of architecture. During this period, the existing earliest building standard book, Yingzao fashi, produced. The official building during the period, which are awarded by the official standards, can be representative of the high level of building types. To mutual identify with the rules in Yingzao fashi and the existing samples, we can study further on the color design rules of the official building during this period. This will not only solve some problems to reveal the historical appearance of the ancient Chinese building, but also provide research support to find the elements of the regional style of Chinese architecture. This study includes three elements: 1) Hackle the official building systems and their evolutions on color design during Tang and Song dynasties, based on the literature Interpretation and physical investigation; 2) Select the relevant typical architecture relics for color measurement and pigment analysis, then virtual rehabilitate and visual reproduce for the color environment of the building with three-dimensional model; 3) based on the above study, summarize the design rules of building color during 7 ~ 12th centuries in China.

鲜明丰富的建筑色彩是中国传统建筑的重要特征之一，也是文物建筑之风格、年代、等级、功能、设计思想分析的重要依据。而对于建筑色彩的研究却是建筑史学领域的薄弱环节，还缺乏系统的成果。唐宋时期是我国建筑技术与艺术发展的高峰时期，我国现存最早的建筑设计规范手册《营造法式》即产生于这一时期。该时期的官式建筑由官方颁定规范、主持修造，是具有代表性的高水平建筑类型。运用《营造法式》彩画作制度的丰富研究成果与同时期的建筑实物互证，深入研究唐宋时期官式建筑色彩的设计规律，既能解决中国古代建筑历史面貌的某些疑难问题，又能为探求中国建筑的地域性风格要素提供研究支持。本研究主要包括三项内容：1）基于文献释读与实物调查，梳理唐宋官式建筑色彩的制度和演变；2）选取相关典型实物遗存，进行色彩测量和颜料分析，利用三维模型对建筑的色彩环境进行虚拟复原和视觉再现；3）基于上述研究，总结中国唐宋时期官式建筑色彩的设计规律。

本研究计划针对唐宋时期官式彩画，分为制度研究、实例研究与设计规律研究三个方面：.1）制度研究：在文献释读和实物调查的基础上，对唐宋官式建筑色彩的制度和演变进行梳理；.2）实例研究：选取相关的典型实物遗存，进行色彩测量和颜料分析，利用三维模型对建筑的色彩环境进行复原研究和视觉再现；.3）设计规律研究：基于上述研究，总结中国唐宋时期官式建筑色彩的设计规律。.根据现有的技术条件和文物实例条件，增加了针对实物对象和制度体现的彩画工艺的实验研究内容。由于精细化调查和检测的周期过长，原计划三维再现的工作有所延后，还未得出最终成果。2016～2018年，由后续课题“中国文物建筑色彩涂层的材料、工艺与视觉特性的科学分析方法研究及样本数据库建设”继续资助开展研究。