Chronic inflammation process that involves the immune system plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells are suggested to be the major effector cells which mediate vascular inflammation. CD4+CD28null T cells, different from classical CD4+CD28+ T cells, are characterized by the production of high level of pro-in?ammatory factors, which accelerate the inflammation-mediated progressive atherosclerosis. CD4+CD28null T cells are considered to be derived from the same precursors as CD28+ as a result of chronic inflammatory stimulation. Investigation of the mechanism under the CD4+CD28+/CD28null T cells transformation is very important for control inflammatory response and stabilizing plaque. Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 channels,two major potassium channels regulating Ca2+ signal in T cells, play key roles in T cells activation and function. Our previous study has proved that CD4+CD28null T cells from acute coronary syndrome patients express high level of Kv1.3 channel. In this project, we will investigate the role and mechanism of Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 channels in the CD4+CD28+/CD28null T cells transformation and plaque stabilization.
免疫机制参与的慢性炎症反应是粥样硬化发生和发展的重要因素。CD4+ T细胞是血管炎症反应主要效应细胞。与经典CD4+CD28+ T细胞不同,CD4+CD28null T细胞是一种异常细胞,其异常增殖并分泌大量炎症因子,导致炎症恶化和疾病进展。目前认为 CD4+CD28+ T细胞受慢性炎症刺激后转化为CD4+CD28null T细胞。探讨CD4+CD28+/CD28null T细胞表型转化的调控,对控制炎症反应转归及稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块具有重要意义。Kv1.3和KCa3.1钾通道通过调控T细胞内钙信号在T细胞活化和功能中发挥关键作用。我们前期研究发现急性冠脉综合征患者活化的CD4+CD28null T细胞,Kv1.3通道的表达显著增高。本课题中,我们拟探讨Kv1.3与KCa3.1通道在CD4+CD28+/CD28null T细胞免疫表型转化中的作用,进而对动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的影响及机制。
冠状动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块是动脉粥样硬化的一种重要类型,其所继发的斑块破裂和血栓形成是导致临床急性冠脉综合征和心源性猝死的首要病因。因此,探索动脉粥样不稳定斑块特异性干预手段具有非常重要的临床意义。组织病理学证实CD4+CD28null T细胞和巨噬细胞是不稳定斑块病变中两种关键炎性细胞成分,二者交互活化所促发的炎症级联反应在不稳定斑块发生发展的病理过程中发挥重要作用。然而,目前尚无干预CD4+CD28null T细胞和巨噬细胞活化和功能的特异性手段。本课题中我们以Kv1.3和KCa3.1钾通道为主要研究切入点,从M0/M1巨噬细胞活化和表型转化角度探讨两种钾离子通道作为不稳定斑块干预靶点的可行性。首先,我们通过体外构建M0/M1巨噬细胞表型转化模型。采用膜片钳技术、免疫荧光和Western Blot等多种实验手段证实在M0/M1型巨噬细胞表型转化过程中伴随有KCa3.1通道表达显著增高,而Kv1.3通道表达无明显变化。通过特异性阻断KCa3.1通道可显著抑制M1型巨噬细胞活化与功能。随后,我们在ApoE−/−小鼠采用肾动脉联合颈内外动脉缩窄方法构建不稳定斑块模型,并注射KCa3.1通道阻滞剂。结果证实通过注射KCa3.1通道阻滞剂可有效抑制斑块内M1巨噬细胞活化,从而减少斑块破裂发生。进一步研究显示TRAM-34通过调控JAK/STAT信号途径抑制斑块内M1型巨噬细胞活化发挥斑块稳定作用。由此提示,通过KCa3.1通道抑制M1型巨噬细胞活化,可有效防止不稳定斑块的发生。然而,KCa3.1通道由于其组织表达的广泛性,阻断KCa3.1通道可诱发内皮功能失调及系统性免疫抑制,提示其并非理想的分子干预靶点。因此,仍需进一步研究深入阐述KCa3.1通道调控巨噬细胞活化和表型转化参与不稳定斑块发生的具体下游机制,从而为急性冠脉综合征的临床防治提供更为特异的靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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