鬼笔属及其近缘属真菌的分子系统学研究

Phallus is one of the important genera of macrofungi, and has important values in both science and economics. Many unsolved disputes in taxonomic identification and phylogeny among the species in Phallus and allied genera need to be resolved, their species and genus definitions were short of scientific and systematic evaluations, meanwhile, based on the Chinese materials the molecular phylogenetic studies were few reported, and had deficiencies in scientific, integrated and systematic aspects. The project will be deeply and systematically studied on the genus Phallus and its allied genera all over China based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic methods. Fungal specimens will be collected across China, and also will be borrowed from national and international fungal herbaria. Based on collections and examination (old and new materials) a natural classification and the systematics position of the Phallus will be evaluated using individual gene (ITS/nrLSU/mtSSU/rpb2/atp6) and multi-gene (ITS+nrLSU+mtSSU+rpb2+atp6) analyses. This proposed project will clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the Chinese Phallus species, and the unsolved taxonomical status of the Chinese Phallus species will be resolved. This study will further provide fungal resources and diversity of Phallus in China which is very important for understanding the evolutionary of fungi, and for the development of fungal industry in China.

鬼笔属真菌是高等担子菌的一个重要类群，该属的研究具有重要的科学意义和经济产业价值。鬼笔属与近缘属间的在分类鉴定与系统发育等方面存在很多尚未解决的问题，属种界定也缺乏科学系统的评价，并且基于我国鬼笔属及其近缘属材料的分子系统发育研究并不多见，其科学性、完整性和系统性都存在不足。本项目拟在形态分类学和分子系统学的基础上，深入系统地对我国各地区的鬼笔属及其近缘属真菌进行分子系统学研究，首先在全国范围内广泛进行野外调查、采集标本，并对国内原馆藏标本和部分国外重要馆藏标本进行系统学研究，之后基于nrLSU、mtSSU、ITS、rpb2和atp6等单基因及多基因片段构建系统发育树，完善或重建更加自然合理的鬼笔属及其近缘属分类系统，明确该属间和属下物种的系统发育关系，解决一些疑难属种和有争议属种的分类地位，同时认知我国鬼笔属及相关类群的物种多样性，为我国相关产业的健康发展提供科学资源。

鬼笔属真菌的分类学和分子系统学研究具有重要的科学意义和经济产业价值。鬼笔属与近缘属间的在分类鉴定与系统发育等方面存在诸多问题，错误命名，分类地位不清楚，物种间分类界线混淆，我国的鬼笔属真菌分子证据较少，其科学性、完整性和系统性都存在不足。本项目深入系统地对我国各地区的鬼笔属及其近缘属真菌进行形态分类学和分子系统学研究。发现鬼笔新种4种，疑似新种2种；修订错误名称2个；编制45种鬼笔属真菌的分类检索表；重构了32种鬼笔属真菌的分子系统发育树。建立更加自然合理的鬼笔属及其近缘属分类系统，并明确了该属间和属下各物种间系统发育关系，解决一些疑难属种和有争议属种的分类地位，同时认知我国鬼笔属及相关类群的物种多样性，为我国鬼笔（竹荪）产业的健康发展提供科学依据和资源。