柑橘中对柑橘木虱的利它素和拟利它素研究

The chemical links between insect and its host plant (kairomones or synomones) play an important role in host-finding of the phytophagous insect. Parakairomones have a high potentiality as the alternative material in integrated pest management strategies, particularly when the natural kairomones are expensive to produce, present longevity problems, or are quickly degraded under field conditions. Citrus reticulate is an important economic crop in Jiangxi province, and Diaphorina citri is a severe insect of C. reticulate. It is also an important medium for spreading the most devastating diseases on citrus production ---- huanglongbing. However, the research about the kairomone and parakairomone to D. citri from C. reticulate has not been reported. In this study, the odors from C. reticulate will be investigated through the chemical communication between insect and its host plants. The olfactory behavioral and electrophysiological responses of adult D. citri to the odors from C. reticulate will be studied from the perspective of chemical and behavioral ecology, and the active constituents of kairomone will be analyzed and confirmed. Subsequently, the active analogues of kairomone will be examined in order to obtain the better efficiency of parakairomone. The results from these studies will be of great significance for the future research in quantitative structure-activity relationship of the kairomone analogues, and the active constituents of kairomone and parakairomone to D. citri from C. reticulate will be ascertained in order to obtain the parakairomones which will be better efficiency, lower cost, and can be put into the field of application.

昆虫与寄主植物的化学联系（利它素或互利素）在植食性昆虫寻找寄主植物过程中具有重要作用。然而，源于天然产物的利它素等信息化合物通常效能不高、不稳定和成本过高，而非天然产物类似物（例如拟利它素）则有可能弥补这些不足。柑橘是江西省重要的经济作物，柑橘木虱是柑橘的重要害虫，也是传播柑橘生产上最具毁灭性的病害——黄龙病的重要媒介，但关于柑橘中对柑橘木虱的利它素和拟利它素的研究至今未见报道。本项目拟从昆虫与寄主植物的化学通讯系统来研究柑橘的气味物质，从化学生态学和行为生态学的角度研究柑橘木虱对柑橘气味物质的嗅觉行为及电生理反应，分析并确定柑橘中对柑橘木虱的利它素，并在此基础上，对利它素的类似物进行筛选。研究结果对进一步研究信息化合物的数量结构与活性的关系有重要意义；同时可探明柑橘中对柑橘木虱的利它素活性成分，以期获得效能更好、成本较低，能付诸田间应用的拟利它素。

柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama）是柑橘的重要害虫，也是传播柑橘黄龙病的主要传播媒介，给世界柑橘生产带来严重威胁。本项目从昆虫与寄主植物的化学通讯系统来研究南丰蜜桔中对柑橘木虱的利它素和拟利它素，重点是对来源于南丰蜜桔的与柑橘木虱寄主选择行为有关的挥发性信息物质进行研究。取得主要研究结果如下：（1）采用同时蒸馏萃取（SDE）和固相微萃取（SPME）技术提取南丰蜜桔四季嫩梢挥发性物质，运用气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）技术进行分析鉴定，SPME法和SDE法所得的南丰蜜桔四季嫩梢挥发物共有物质分别为16和12种，两种方法提取得到南丰蜜桔四季嫩梢共有化合物有5种，分别为萜品烯、萜品油烯、芳樟醇、α-松油醇和邻异丙基甲苯。（2）采用Y型嗅觉仪和触角电位（EAG）技术研究柑橘木虱与南丰蜜桔挥发性物质的嗅觉及电生理行为反应，结果表明南丰蜜桔春、夏、秋、冬嫩梢对柑橘木虱具有显著的引诱作用，并从其10种共有化合物中筛选出萜品油烯和萜品烯对柑橘木虱有显著引诱作用的挥发性化合物，推测萜品烯和萜品油烯是来源于南丰蜜桔的柑橘木虱的利它素。（3）在此基础上，对萜品油烯和萜品烯的9种类似物进行筛选，发现柑橘木虱对这9种类似物均没有显著趋性，反而对α-水芹烯具有显著的负趋性。（4）采用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察了不同龄期柑橘木虱触角及触角感器的发育，探讨柑橘木虱选择南丰蜜桔的嗅觉机制。研究结果对于全面评价柑橘木虱利它素和拟利它素功能，提出害虫控制新措施等都具有重要科学意义。