高能纳米金属浆体燃料的两相分散机制及耦合燃烧机理研究

Nano-metal slurry fuel is a new type of liquid fuel which possesses both liquidity and high energy density. However, understanding on the dispersion stability mechanism and two-phase coupled combustion mechanism of nano-metal slurry are still in lack, owing to the great difference between the physicochemical properties of metal particles and liquid hydrocarbon as well as the complex structure of solid-liquid two-phase system. In the present project, experimental technique of metal particle surface oleophylic modification and computational analysis based on quantum chemical theories will be used to study the micro interfacial properties of the two-phase system as well as the mechanics and agglomeration mechanism of the particles, and to further obtain the detailed mechanics of two-phase system surface modification and ways of improving the dispersion stability. Ignition and combustion test systems and non-contact visualized testing methods are to be used to analyze the ignition and combustion characteristics of nano-metal slurry fuel and relevant influencing factors. The major scope of this project refers to explore the heat and mass transfer, dynamic diffusion and chemical reaction in the combustion process of the mixed fuel and reveal the solid/liquid single phase or coupled two-phase reaction mechanism of metal nanoparticles and liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Thus, a nano-metal slurry two-phase coupled combustion model can be established and ways to realize the efficient combustion of nano-metal slurry fuel can be found. This project focuses on the scientific problem of "two-phase dispersion mechanism and coupled combustion characteristics", aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the preparation and efficient combustion of novel nano-metal slurry fuels.

纳米金属浆体燃料是一种兼具流动性与高能量密度的新型液体燃料，由于金属颗粒和液体碳氢燃料理化特性差异极大，固液混合体系结构复杂，对其分散稳定机制及两相耦合燃烧机理的认识尚存在不足。本项目拟通过金属颗粒表面亲油化改性等方法，结合量子化学分析计算，对两相分散体系的微观界面特性、颗粒受力团聚机理进行研究，探索两相燃料的表面改性机理及促进分散稳定性的方法。拟利用点火燃烧实验装置和非接触式、可视化测试手段，研究纳米金属浆体燃料点火燃烧特性及其影响因素，探究混合体系在燃烧过程中的传热传质、动力扩散及化学反应过程，揭示燃烧过程中纳米金属颗粒与液体碳氢燃料的固、液单相反应及两相耦合反应机制，建立纳米金属浆体燃料两相耦合燃烧模型，提出纳米金属浆体燃料高效燃烧的实现途径。项目聚焦于“固液两相分散稳定机制及两相耦合燃烧反应特性”科学问题，旨在为新型纳米金属流体型浆体燃料的制备及高效燃烧提供理论指导。

发动机是现代飞行器的心脏，而燃料是发动机唯一的动力源。飞行器的航速和里程均受到燃料能量密度的制约。通过将高能纳米金属颗粒加入到传统碳氢液体燃料中，制成高能纳米金属浆体燃料，能有效提高两相燃料的能量密度。为了深化对该类新型高能纳米金属浆体燃料制备方法和能量释放特性的认识。本课题采用实验与理论相结合的方法，对高能纳米金属浆体燃料的制备及两相耦合燃烧特性进行研究，为该类燃料的实际工程应用提供理论参考和技术支撑。.针对高能纳米浆体燃料稳定性差的关键问题。本课题对金属颗粒进行表面亲油性处理，使得金属表面极化，从而实现与燃料油的良好分散。筛选出了最适合纳米Al的表面活性剂油酸，使得Al/JP-10纳米浆体燃料的稳定时间增加到2周。同时在粉末添加量为40wt%时仍可以使浆体燃料处于流动态，最高可使JP-10液体燃料的体积热值提高26.6%。通过探究金属纳米颗粒表面亲油化改性原理，认识了高能纳米金属浆体燃料固、液两相分散体系微观界面特性及相互作用，探明两相分散体系的分散及稳定性原理，为制备高浓度高稳定纳米金属浆体燃料提供理论支撑。.针对高能纳米浆体燃料能量难以充分释放的关键问题。本课题通过对纳米金属浆体燃料的点火燃烧实验，认识了纳米金属浆体燃料的两相耦合燃烧特性，揭示了液体燃料和金属颗粒两相点火燃烧的耦合作用机理。通过AP包覆、纳米CuO掺混、纳米Ni催化以及聚四氟乙烯掺混等多种促燃手段提高了纳米金属浆体燃料的燃尽率和能量的充分释放。其中纳米Ni使得燃料的点火延迟最大降幅达到35.7%。通过建立了纳米金属浆体燃料的两相耦合燃烧模型，提出液相碳氢燃料的快速着火促进燃烧机理和金属颗粒高效燃尽促进机制，为高能纳米金属浆体燃料的快速点火和高效燃烧提供理论指导。