中国南部管鼻蝠属（Murina）的分类厘定及标本资源库构建

Species determination, a core issue within taxonomy, is cornerstone of evolutionary study and other biological research. Tube-nosed bat (Murina), one of the most compelling objects in recent chiropteran research, is typical forest bat with wide geographic distribution and high species diversity. Although its biodiversity is high in China, because its special habitats, difficulties in sampling, and lack of specimen in repository, research status in China is poor, including: slow research progress, problematic taxonomic system, and loss of biological resources. Therefore, more field investigations and related studies on this unique group have to be conducted. In this project, through the ways involving expanding and strengthening the regional field survey using harp trap, analyzing on collected specimens and scientific cooperation, the species diversity and resource condition of Murina in southern part of China are summarized. With an integration of morphological, molecular phylogenetic, acoustic, and imaging data and methods, researches of species determination of Murina are conducted to determine the intraspecific and interspecific variations, set a more proper taxonomic system, and clarify the traditional debate. Meanwhile, through the collections of specimens and other biological information including raw and analyzed data of morphology, molecular sequence, acoustic records and images, we aim to construct a comprehensive specimen repository and biological information database of Murina in China, which could improve the research level in this unique group.

物种厘定不仅是生物分类最核心的问题，也是深入开展生物演化及相关研究的基石。管鼻蝠（Murina）是典型的森林性小型蝙蝠，其分布广泛种类繁多，是近期国际蝙蝠研究的热点。我国管鼻蝠因其栖息环境特殊、标本捕获困难、馆藏资源稀少，导致研究进展缓慢，分类问题较多，且标本资源存在一定流失。因此，抢救性地开展管鼻蝠资源调查与物种厘定刻不容缓。本项目拟以中国南部管鼻蝠为研究对象，采用国际先进的蝙蝠竖琴网工具，在适当扩大调查区域和强度、保证必要标本量的基础上，辅以查阅国内外馆藏标本与合作交流，初步把握中国南部管鼻蝠分布、物种多样性与资源状况。结合形态学、分子系统学、声学和影像色彩学的技术厘定物种，澄清传统分类学上的疑难，合理准确地设置分类体系，构建我国管鼻蝠类群的标本资源库，提升我国在该类群研究上的国际地位和水平。

本项目以管鼻蝠为研究对象、蝙蝠竖琴网为主要工具，对我国南部广西靖西、贵州荔波、云南西双版纳、福建武夷山等管鼻蝠模式产地或生物多样性热点地区进行了调查，获得管鼻蝠标本294号；结合形态学、分子系统学、声学和影像色彩学方法对上述标本进行物种厘定，澄清传统分类学上该类群的部分疑难，较合理地设置了其分类体系，发现一管鼻蝠新种、三个中国蝙蝠新记录种、10余个省新记录；出版专著（负责翼手目）1部、正式发表论文25篇(其中SCI论文8篇、核心13篇),学术会议论文13篇；运用本研究和已积累资料，包括：标本（大陆16种+台湾1种+2未定种，合计489号）、组织样（17种，281份）、分子序列（17种）、照片（20种，4210张）和超声波（17种，2025段）等，初步构建了目前国内管鼻蝠类群最为完善的标本资源库（包括锦矗管鼻蝠模式标本1种、金管鼻蝠等地模标本7种）。由于中国分布的管鼻蝠（23种）约占全世界管鼻蝠种类的1/2，且有16种模式产地在中国（占中国种类的69.6%），本标本资源库可为《中国动物志》（翼手目卷）、《四川兽类志》和《广东兽类志》的编写提供重要依据，对全世界管鼻蝠的分类与分布研究，也具有重要的学术地位和价值。