基于RAD-seq的我国小麦条锈菌传播与起源研究

In epidemic study of wheat stripe rust in China, the disperal route of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and pathogen source relationship among different geographical populations are the focus of the research, also the difficulty of the research. Researchers in our country carried out theoretical derivations and simulation tests based on field investigation data in many years, molecular marker data, and characteristics of atmospheric circulation. The sketch of dispersal pattern and epidemic flora of wheat stripe rust in China were drawn out.However, there was no direct experimental evidence on the dispersal route and pathogen source center of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici until now. The population genomics based on RAD-seq (Restriction-site associated DNA-sequencing) and bioinformatics will be employed to study and clarify the genetic structure and diversity among natural populations, disperal route, pathogen source center of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, and epidemic flora of wheat stripe rust. At the same time, the SNP markers for main epidemic races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici will be developed to speed up the race monitoring. This study will make a theoretical base and scientific proof in developing protracted control strategies of wheat stripe rust in China.

在我国小麦条锈病流行规律中，不同地理种群间的菌源关系以及菌源传播路线一直是研究的焦点，也是难点。我国学者依据多年大量的田间病害调查数据、分子标记数据，并结合大气环流特点等，开展了理论推导和模拟试验，勾画了我国小麦条锈病传播模式和流行区系。但迄今为止，仍然缺乏有关我国小麦条锈菌传播路线和菌源中心的直接试验证据。本项目拟采用基于RAD-seq（Restriction-site associated DNA-sequencing）的群体基因组学和生物信息学方法和技术，分析我国小麦条锈菌自然群体的遗传结构与遗传多样性，明确菌源传播路线、菌源中心、条锈病流行区系等问题；建立小麦条锈菌生理小种的SNP分子标记体系。以期为小麦条锈菌生理小种的快速监测及条锈病持久控制策略的制定提供理论基础和科学依据。

小麦条锈病是我国小麦生产中最重要的病害，常常造成10-30%的产量损失。在我国小麦条锈病流行规律中，不同地理种群间的菌源关系以及菌源传播路线一直是研究的焦点，也是难点。我国学者依据多年大量的田间病害调查数据、分子标记数据，并结合大气环流特点等，开展了理论推导和模拟试验，勾画了我国小麦条锈病传播模式和流行区系。但迄今为止，任然缺乏有关我国小麦条锈菌传播路线和菌源中心的直接试验证据。本项目采用群体遗传学分析法分析发现，陕西宝鸡与甘肃平凉间，陕西汉中、甘肃陇南、甘肃天水及四川广元间，存在着频繁的菌源交流关系，四川宜宾和凉山与四川阿坝、陕西汉中和甘肃陇南间存在着菌源交流关系。初步认为我国小麦条锈病存在三大流行区系，即西藏流行区、新疆流行区和内地流行区，它们相互独立，相互间几乎没有菌源交流。推测喜马拉雅山脉区域可能是小麦条锈菌的可能起源中心。该项研究结果有望为进一步明确我国小麦条锈病的流行区系、传播规律及起源，以及为小麦条锈病持久控制策略的制定提供理论基础和科学依据。